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Neuro-Endo Exam 1 > Development of Orofacial Structures > Flashcards

Development of Orofacial Structures Flashcards

1
Q

The cranium is divided into neurocranium and viscerocranium with both being derived from which of the following?

A. Paraxial Mesoderm

B. Lateral Plate Mesoderm

C. Mesenchyme

D. None

A

Mesenchyme

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2
Q

The ________ specifically gives rise to bones that enclose the brain, while the _______ makes up bones of the face

A

The neurocranium specifically gives rise to bones that enclose the brain, while the viscerocranium makes up bones of the face

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3
Q

The Neurocranium includes cartilagenous components and membranous components. All of the following are from its cartilagenous components, EXCEPT for which of the following that’s from its membranous components?

A. Occipital B.

B. Calvaria

C. Body of Sphenoid and Ethmoid B.

D. Petrous and Mastoid Portion of Temporal B.

A

Calvaria = frontal and parietal bones

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4
Q

Cartilagenous portion of the viscerocranium gives rise to what?

A

Bones and connective tissue

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5
Q

What does the membranous portion of the viscerocranium give rise to? (4)

A

Maxillary Prominence

Squamous part of Temporal B.

Maxilla

Zygomatic B.

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6
Q

Which portion of the Temporal bone is from the viscerocranium and NOT the Neurocranium?

A. Petrous

B. Squamous

C. Mastoid

A

Squamous portion

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7
Q

Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of cranial sutures. It is divided into 4 subcategories based on what suture first closes. Which of the following results when the saggital suture closes early? What is the presentation of the baby’s head?

A. Brachyocephaly

B. Plagiocephaly

C. Sacrocephaly

D. Trigonacephaly

A

Sacrocephaly

Long, narrow, wedged shape face

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8
Q

Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of cranial sutures. It is divided into 4 subcategories based on what suture first closes. Which of the following results when the entire coronal suture closes early? What is the presentation of the baby’s head?

A. Brachyocephaly

B. Plagiocephaly

C. Sacrocephaly

D. Trigonacephaly

A

Brachyocephaly

high, tower like cranium

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9
Q

Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of cranial sutures. It is divided into 4 subcategories based on what suture first closes. Which of the following results when the frontal suture (metopic) closes early?

A. Brachyocephaly

B. Plagiocephaly

C. Sacrocephaly

D. Trigonacephaly

A

Trigonacephaly

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10
Q

Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of cranial sutures. It is divided into 4 subcategories based on what suture first closes. Which of the following results when one side of the coronal suture closes early? What is the presentation of the baby’s head?

A. Brachyocephaly

B. Plagiocephaly

C. Sacrocephaly

D. Trigonacephaly

A

Plagiocephaly

Twisted and asymettric head

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11
Q

What crniosyntosis is the most common?

A

Sacrocephaly

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12
Q

The following structures are derivatives of which of the facial primordia: Forehead and Dorsum/Apex of nose

A. Mandibular Prominence

B. Lateral Nasal Prominence

C. Medial Nasal Prominence

D. Maxillary Prominence

E. Frontal Nasal Prominance

A

Frontal Nasal Prominance

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13
Q

The Alae of nose is a derivative of which of the following facial primordia?

A. Mandibular Prominence

B. Lateral Nasal Prominence

C. Medial Nasal Prominence

D. Maxillary Prominence

E. Frontal Nasal Prominance

A

Lateral Nasal Prominence

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14
Q

The nasal septum, ethmoid b., and cribiform plate are derivatives of which of the following facial primordia?

A. Mandibular Prominence

B. Lateral Nasal Prominence

C. Medial Nasal Prominence

D. Maxillary Prominence

E. Frontal Nasal Prominance

A

Medial Nasal Prominence

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15
Q

The upper cheek and upper lip is a derivative of which of the following facial primordia?

A. Mandibular Prominence

B. Lateral Nasal Prominence

C. Medial Nasal Prominence

D. Maxillary Prominence

E. Frontal Nasal Prominance

A

Maxillary Prominence

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16
Q

The chin, lower lip, and cheek are derivatives of which of the following facial primordia?

A. Mandibular Prominence

B. Lateral Nasal Prominence

C. Medial Nasal Prominence

D. Maxillary Prominence

E. Frontal Nasal Prominance

A

Mandibular Prominence

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17
Q

THe development of what structure influences the shape and rate of growth of the head?

A

Brain

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18
Q

T/F: There are technically 5 facial primordia; 2 maxillary, 2 mandibular, and 1 frontonasal prominance

A
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19
Q

All of the facial primordia appear during week 4 and are found around the stomedum (oral cavity). Around what day is the stomodeum seperated from the primordial pharynx by the rupture of the oropharyngeal membrane that leads to the appearance of the primordia?

A. Day 25

B. Day 26

C. Day 27

D. Day 28

A

Day 26

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20
Q

Which of the following is the first part of the face to form?

A. Mandibular Prominece

B. Maxillary Prominence

C. Frontonasal Prominence

A

Mandibular Prominence

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21
Q

T/F: The chin dimple, or butt chin, is caused by the lack of medial fusion of the mandibular prominences

A
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22
Q

The Maxillary prominence gives rise to the upper lip, maxilla, and secondary plate. Which of the following correctly describes how these prominences grow?

A. Grow superiorly and merge medially with the mandibular prominences

B. Grow laterally and merge medially with the mandibular prominences

C. Grow medially and merge inferiorly with the mandibular prominence

D. Grow medially and merge laterally with the mandibular prominences

A

Grow medially and merge laterally with the mandibular prominences

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23
Q

Mesenchyme from what pharyngeal arch forms the muscles associated with the maxillary prominences?

A. PA 1

B. PA 2

C. PA 3

D. PA 4/6

A

PA 2

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24
Q

Nasal placodes are the bilateral swellings of surface ectoderm found on what portion of the frontonasal prominence?

A. Inferomedial

B. Inferolateral

C. Superomedial

D. Superolateral

A

Inferolateral

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25
Q

The swellings of the placodes causes a horseshoe shaped swelling that gives rise to what?

The growth of the nasal placode also forms nasal pits called Primordial nares. Where are they found?

A

Medial and Latearl Nasal Prominences

Primordial nares are found between the Medial and Lateral Nasal prominences

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26
Q

How does the medial nasal prominence get shifted to the midline?

What regulates their growth?

A. ABCDEFG

B. PDGFRA

A

As the Maxillary Prominence grows medially, the MNPs get shifted to the midline

PDGFRA

27
Q

Which of the following correctly describes the appearance of the intermaxillary segment aka philtrum?

A. Fusion of the lateral nasal prominences

B. Fusion of the Maxillary prominences

C. Fusion of the medial nasal prominences

D. All of the above

A

Fusion of the medial nasal prominences

28
Q

Which of the following seperates the Lateral Nasal Prominence from the Maxillary prominence?

A. Medial Nasal Prominence

B. Lacrimal Groove

C. Nasal Lacrimal Groove

D. All of the above

A

Nasal lacrimal groove

29
Q

In what week does the Lateral Nasal Prominence fuse to themaxillary prominence no longer impeded by the nasolacrimal groove?

A. Week 4

B. Week 5

C. Week 6

D. Week 8

A

Week 6

30
Q

At the time as the lateral and nasal prominences are grwoing, the auricular primordia are growing as well. This primordia is divided into 6 hillocks that form around the first PA. This is eventually pushed back from the neck to the side of the head by the development of what structure?

A

Mandible

31
Q

What signalling molecule is responsible for the development of the mandibular processes?

A

BMP

32
Q

Mesenchyme from what two areas induces the nasal pits to become deeper?

Deepened nasal pits are renamed to what structure?

A

Medial and Lateral Nasal Prominences

Primordial Nasal Sacs

33
Q

T/F: PRimordial nasal sacs grow dorsally and ventrally to the forebrain

A

True

34
Q

The Oronasal Membrane initially seperates primordial nasal sacs, but later ruptures at which of the following times?

A. Beginning of week 5

B. Beginning of week 6

C. End of week 6

D. End of week 9

A

End of week 6

35
Q

THe primordial choanae is the connection between which of the following?

A. Nasopharynx and oropharynx

B. Nasopharynx and nasal cavity

C. Nasopharyxn and Larygopharynx

D. Oropharynx and Nasal Cavity

A

Nasal Cavity and Nasopharynx

36
Q

Palatogenesis is a 2 stage process that occurs between which of the following weeks? Bonus: What weeks are considered the critical period

A. Week 4-12

B. Week 5-12

C. Week 6-12

D. Week 7-12

A

Week 6-12

  • Critical Period: End of week 6 to beginning of week 9*
  • first half*
37
Q

Palatogenesis starts with the formation of the primary palate. Which of the following best describes the primary palate?

A. Fusion of median nasal prominences to form median palatine process

B. Fusion of the maxillary prominence to form the premaxillary part of the maxilla

C. Fusion of the Lateral palatine process to the median palatine process

D. None of the above

A

Fusion of median nasal prominences to form median palatine process

38
Q

What structure is the primary palate found between?

What structure does the primary palate eventually form?

A

Maxillary Prominences

Premaxillary portion of Maxilla

39
Q

The secondary palate forms during palatogenesis and is derived from which of the following structures?

A. Median Nasal Prominences

B. Lateral Nasal Prominences

C. Lateral Palatine PRocess

D. Palatal Shelves

E. A and D

F. C and D

A

Lateral Palatine Process

Palatal Shelves

Palatal Shelves are the Lateral Palatine Processes

40
Q

The Final Palate is the formation of the hard palate by the bone extending from what two bones into what process?

A. Maxillae and Palatine Bones into the Lateral Palatine PRocess

B. Maxillae and Palatine Bones into the Medial Palatine Process

C. A and B

D. None of the above

A

Maxillae and Palatine Bones into the Lateral Palatine PRocess

41
Q

How is the soft palate and uvula formed?

A

The posterior portion of the final palate does not fuse and forms the soft palate and uvula

42
Q

Which of the following is a remant of the nasopalatine canal?

A. Philtrum

B. Nasolacrimal duct

C. Incissive Fossa

D. Palatine Raphe

A

Incissive Fossa

43
Q

Which of the following forms the nasal septum? (select all that apply)

A. Downward growth of the internal portion of Lateral Nasal Prominences

B. Downward growth of the internal portion of Medial Nasal Prominences

C. Fusion of the medial nasal prominences to the lateral nasal prominences

D. Fusion of the medial nasal prominences to the lateral palatine processes

A

Downward growth of the internal portion of Medial Nasal Prominences

Fusion of the medial nasal prominences to the lateral palatine processes

44
Q

T/F: The formation of the nasal septum occurs in the anterior to posterior direction

A

True

45
Q

Which of the following clinical issues can be described as a bony abnormality of the pterygoid plates and midfacial growth abnormalities? It presents as an obstruction of the upper airways, noisy breathing, and cyanosis that worsens with feeding and improves with crying.

A. Cleft Lip

B. Cleft Palate

C. Choanal Atresia

D. Deviated Septum

A

Choanal Atresia

46
Q

The tongue is divided into two parts. The Oral part and Pharyngeal part. The oral part is the anterior 2/3rds and is induced by mesenchyme from of which of the pahryngeal arches?

A. PA 1

B. PA 2

C. PA 3

D. PA 4

A

PA 1

47
Q

T/F: Unilateral Left Cleft Palate is the most common

A

True

48
Q

At the end of week 4, in the oral part of the tongue, the median lingual swelling or median tongue bud appears. On either side of the median tongue bud, what structure developes?

A. Lateral Tongue Swellings

B. Proximal Tongue Buds

C. Superior Tongue Buddies

D. Distal Tongue Buds

A

Distal Tongue Buds

Lateral Tongue Swellings

49
Q

In the pharyngeal part of the tongue (posterior 1/3), the copula and hypopharyngeal eminence form. Both are from the ventromedial parts of specific PAs, but they differ in terms of which PAs. What PA does each come from?

A

Copula: PA 2

Hypopharyngeal Eminence: PA 4/6

50
Q

The Terminal Sulcus is the fusion of the _____ and ______ part of the tongue.

A

he Terminal Sulcus is the fusion of the oral and pharyngeal part of the tongue.

51
Q

Tongue musculature is innervated by the Hypoglossal N. and specifically derived from which of the following?

A. Paraxial Mesoderm

B. Prechordal Plate Mesoderm

C. Occipital Myotomes

D. Neural Crest cells

A

Occipital Myotomes

52
Q

In the Anterior 2/3rds of the tongue, what innervates the mucosa?

A. Lingual branch of V3

B. Chorda Tympani

C. Glosspharyngeal N.

D. Hypoglossal N.

A

Lingual branch of V3

53
Q

All of the muscles of the tongue, exept for the Palatoglossus M, are innervated by which of the following?

A. Vagus N.

B. Chorda Tympani

C. Glosspharyngeal N.

D. Hypoglossal N.

A

Hypoglossal N.

54
Q

What cranial N. innervates the Palatoglossus M.?

A

Vagus N.

55
Q

What N. is responsible for innervating the taste buds of the tongue?

A. Facial

B. Glossopharyngeal

C. Hypoglossal

D. Vagus

A

Glosspharyngeal N.

56
Q

What nerve supplies the mucosa and taste of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

A

Glosspharyngeal N.

57
Q

Which of the following nerves provides sensation to the pharynx?

A. Facial

B. Trigeminal

C. Glosspharyngeal

D. Vagus

A

Vagus

58
Q

Which of the following is Glossoschisis?

A. Bifed Tongue

B. Short frenulum

C. Large Tongue

D. Absent tongue

A

Bifid Tongue

59
Q

Which of the following is Ankyloglossia?

A. Bifed Tongue

B. Short frenulum

C. Large Tongue

D. Absent tongue

A

Short Frenulum

60
Q

When does odotogenesis begin?

A. When the mesoderm and ectoderm communicate

B. When the extoderm and endoderm communicate

C. When the neural crest cells and ectoderm communicate

D. When the nerual crest cells and endoderm communicate

A

When the neural crest cells and ectoderm communicate

61
Q

In the Cap stage, the tooth bud becomes cap shaped when invested by mesenchyme. At this point the tooth bud consists of all of the following except? At what stage would the outlier be found?

A. Enamel Organ

B. Odontoblasts

C. Dental Follicale/Sac

D. Dental Papilla

A

Bell stage

62
Q

THe Cementum comes from the cementoblasts from ________ cells of the dental sac, while the periodontal ligament is formed from the ______ cells of the dental sac.

A

The Cementum comes from the cementoblasts from inner cells of the dental sac, while the periodontal ligament is formed from the outer cells of the dental sac.

63
Q

T/F: Deciduous permanent teeth appear at week 10

A

True

64
Q

Watch a video for face, tooth, tongue development

A

Dope

Neuro-Endo Exam 1 (17 decks)

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