Development of Sociology

Question 1

What were the first evidences of sociology? /7

Answer 1

Plato’s Republic

More’s Utopia

the Bible

Koran

Torah

Hindu Epics

myths and legends

Question 2

What did the first evidences of sociology have in common? /2

Answer 2

focused on what society ought to be

did not describe what society actually was

Question 3

What are the key factors in the development of sociology? /6

Answer 3

industrialization

urbanization

colonialism

political changes

scientific method

theory of evolution

Question 4

What contribution did industrialization do for sociology? /2

Answer 4

1700-1800s

Western Europe societies changed from primarily agricultural production to industrial manufacturing

Question 5

What contribution did urbanization do for sociology? /3

Answer 5

people moving from the countryside and into the city

new living and working conditions resulted in many new social problems

people began wondering ‘how’ and ‘why’ society was undergoing such dramatic transformations

Question 6

What are some examples of the new social problems that came with urbanization? /3

Answer 6

crime

pollution

overcrowding

Question 7

What contribution did the scientific method do for sociology? /2

Answer 7

was applied to the study of human social behavior

developed and used with great success

Question 8

What contribution did colonialism do for sociology? /2

Answer 8

Western European countries came into contact with societies that were considerably different from their own

thinkers wished to understand and explain this diversity

Question 9

What contribution did political changes do for sociology? /4

Answer 9

thinkers of enlightenment popularized radically new ideas

liberty

equality

democracy

Question 10

What are 2 major examples of the contribution of political changes in sociology? /2

Answer 10

American Revolution (1776)

French Revolution (1789)

Question 11

What was the cause of the 2 political changing events of 1776 and 1789?

Answer 11

motivated by the belief that the human social condition could and should be improved by the application of reason

Question 12

What contribution did the theory of evolution do for sociology? /2

Answer 12

Charles Darwin’s theory was applied by social theorists

began to see societies in terms of different stages of evolution

Question 13

Who were the early sociological thinkers? /14

Answer 13

Ibn Khaldun

Auguste Comte

Herbert Spencer

Emile Durkheim

Robert Merton

Karl Marx

W.E.B Du Bois

Charles Horton Cooley

George Herbert Mead

Max Weber

Erving Goffman

Harriet Martineau

Jane Addams

C. Wright Mills

Question 14

Who is Ibn Khaldun? /3

Answer 14

Arab historian

developed Umran (the science of social organization)

transformed the practice of writing history from collecting various tales to a science based on the study of records and events that could be verified

Question 15

Who is Auguste Comte? /3

Answer 15

French philosopher

coined the term sociologie

positivism, the use of the scientific method in the study of society

Question 16

Who is Herbert Spencer? /2

Answer 16

argued that human societies evolve through stages

social Darwinism, applied Darwin’s theory of evolution to societies

Question 17

Who is Emile Durkheim? /3

Answer 17

first professor of sociology

wrote “Sociological Method”, establishing sociology as a scientific pursuit

famous study on suicide showed how an individual’s behavior is governed by social forces

Question 18

Who is Robert Merton? /2

Answer 18

all social institutions are functional

these functions may be MANIFEST (intended) or LATENT (unintended)

Question 19

Who is Karl Marx? /3

Answer 19

wrote about the social effects of industrialization

saw social change as inevitable and necessary

only a socialist revolution would overcome the inequalities of the capitalist economy

Question 20

Who is W.E.B Du Bois? /2

Answer 20

studied the issue of race in the US

discovered that poverty among African Americans was primarily a result of prejudice and discrimination

Question 21

Who is Charles Horton Cooley? /4

Answer 21

used the sociological perspective to look at small social groups

looking-glass self theory

theory of socialization

how we develop a sense of social identity

Question 22

Who is George Herbert Mead? /3

Answer 22

root of society is the symbols that teach us to understand the world

help us to develop a sense of self

Question 23

Who is Max Weber? /3

Answer 23

Verstehen

to understand social situations = to understand the subjective meaning given to those situations

identified ‘ideal types’ as theoretical models of actual social institutions

Question 24

Who is Erving Goffman? /3

Answer 24

Dramaturgy

all social life is like acting

always trying to manage impressions in social situations

Question 25

Who is Harriet Martineau? /4

Answer 25

translated the writings of Comte into English

wrote about slavery in the U.S

exploitation of factory workers

promoted the standing of women/feminism

Question 26

Who is Jane Addams? /2

Answer 26

promoted the practice of ‘applied sociology’

sociological theory could be used in a productive manner to improve social injustices

Question 27

Who is C. Wright Mills? /3

Answer 27

wrote the classic essay “The Sociological Imagination”

define the fundamental premise of sociology

ability to understand the relationship between wider social forces and one’s personal life

Question 28

What are the defining features of sociology in Canada? /4

Answer 28

geography and regionalism

focus on political economy

canadianization movement

radical nature

Question 29

What is sociology? /2

Answer 29

scientific study of human social behavior

understand the rules and regulations of a certain society

Question 30

Why is sociology hard to study (from a scientific standpoint)? /4

Answer 30

too many variables to make a well-constructed prediction that follows through

NOT PRECISE

each individual makes a choice based off personal reasons

ex. financial, internet, goals/dreams, lifestyle, etc.

Question 31

What are the 3 goals of sociology? /3

Answer 31

understand

predict

influence

Question 32

What is debunking? /3

Answer 32

sociological perspective never takes the social world at face value

never assumes that the social world is what it appears to be

recognizes that some ideas, values, and beliefs have more merit, logic or evidence than others