Deviance & Crime

Question 1

What is a deviance? /5

Answer 1

A violation of social norms

Linked to time

Linked to culture

Situational

Related to social power

Question 2

What is a crime? /3

Answer 2

Violation of norms that have been written into law

A social construct

Varies across countries and time

Question 3

What is the consensus model of crime? /2

Answer 3

People see behaviour they do not like

Make a law against it

Question 4

What is conflict model of a crime?

Answer 4

Powerful people make laws to protect their own interests

Question 5

How do you measure crime in Canada? /3

Answer 5

Uniform crime reporting survey

General social survey - victimization

Crime severity index

Question 6

What is uniform crime reporting survey?

Answer 6

Official police statistics of a reported crime

Question 7

What is a general social survey - victimization?

Answer 7

20 000 Canadians over 15 surveyed

Question 8

What is crime severity index?

Answer 8

More serious crimes assigned a higher weight

Question 9

What are the theories founded on deviance and crime? /3

Answer 9

Rational choice theory

Biological positivism

Psychological positivism

Question 10

What is rational choice theory?

Answer 10

People consider the costs and benefits of a crime

Question 11

What is biological positivism? /2

Answer 11

Physical traits or conditions

Some people are “born deviants”

Question 12

What is psychological positivism? /3

Answer 12

Psychological/personality disorders

Usually a result of poor socialization by parents

Insanity defence/ not criminally responsible due to mental disorder

Ex/ twinkies, Dan White

Question 13

What is the strain theory? /2

Answer 13

Crime is a result of frustration and anger

Merton;s five social adaptations

Question 14

What are Merton’s five social adaptations? /5

Answer 14

Conformists

Innovators

Ritualists

Retreatists

Rebels

Question 15

What is a conformist? /2

Answer 15

Embrace the goals

Use legitimate means to attain them

Question 16

What are innovators? /2

Answer 16

Accept goals

BUT look for alternative means

Question 17

What are ritualists?

Answer 17

“Go through the motions” of attaining goals

Question 18

What is a retreatist?

Answer 18

Reject both goals and means of attaining them

Question 19

What is a rebel?

Answer 19

Substitute alternative goals and means

Question 20

How does functionalism view crime and deviance? /3

Answer 20

Responding to deviance clarifies boundaries

Responding to deviance promotes social unity

Deviance encourages social and cultural change

Question 21

How does the conflict theory view crime and deviance? /2

Answer 21

Deviance relates to degrees of power and privilege in a society

Crimes (and punishments) reflect the interests of those with power and privilege

Question 22

What is differential association theory? /2

Answer 22

Deviance is learned

Social process theory

Question 23

What is labelling theory? /4

Answer 23

Deviants are labelled by others]

Primary deviance is the initial act of rule-breaking

Secondary deviance occurs when th peers on is labelled as deviant

Social process theory

Question 24

What is social control theory? /3

Answer 24

Formal social control

Informal social control

Sanctions

Question 25

What is formal social control? /4

Answer 25

Laws Officials Institutional policies Police

Question 26

What is informal social control? /3

Answer 26

Friends Family Media

Question 27

What is a sanction? /3

Answer 27

Measures used to encourage conformity Positive = rewards for desirable behaviour (an award) Negative = punishments for undesirable behaviour (a ticket)

Question 28

How the feminist theory view crime and deviance? /3

Answer 28

Focus on what causes males to commit crimes Gender difference in crime are a result of difference in power and control Concern with female victimization

Question 29

What are the different forms of punishment? /5

Answer 29

Retribution Incapacitation Deterrence Rehabilitation Restoration

Question 30

What is retribution?

Answer 30

An eye for an eye

Question 31

What is incapacitation?

Answer 31

Protects society

Question 32

What is deterrence? /3

Answer 32

An example for others General = consequences applied to others Specific = consequences experienced first-hand

Question 33

What is rehabilitation?

Answer 33

Reform offenders

Question 34

What is restoration?

Answer 34

Criminal makes amends

Question 35

What is a sentencing circle?

Answer 35

Composed of community members, the victims, and the offender

Question 36

What are the goals of a sentencing circle? /6

Answer 36

Promote the healing for all affected parties Provide an opportunity for the offender to make amends Empower the victims, community members, families, and offenders by giving voice and a shared responsibility in funding constructive resolutions Address the underlying causes of criminal behaviour Build a sense of community and its capacity for resolving conflict Promote and share community values

Question 37

What is a stigma?

Answer 37

mark of disgrace associated with a particular status, quality or person

Question 38

What is shaming?

Answer 38

deliberate effort to attach a negative meaning to a behaviour

Question 39

What is stigmatized shaming?

Answer 39

assigning a permanent label to an offender

Question 40

What is reintegrative shaming?

Answer 40

an effort to bring an offender back into a community after punishment