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M4:Craniofacial Biology and tooth development > Development of the face, jaws & mouth > Flashcards

Development of the face, jaws & mouth Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Fronto-nasal process

A

Prominence in the upper facial area at the most cephalic end of the embryo.

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2
Q

Cephalic end

A

Head end of a structure such as the trilaminar embryonic disc.

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3
Q

Mandibular processes

A

Processes of first branchial arch that fuse at the middle to form mandibular arch.

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4
Q

Mandibular arch

A

lower dental arch with mandibular teeth or the 1st branchial/pharyngeal arch inferior to the stomodeum in the embryo.

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5
Q

Maxillary processes

A

Prominence from mandibular arch that grows superiorly and anteriorly on each side of the stomodeum of the emrbyo

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6
Q

Maxillary arch

A

Upper dental arch in which the maxillary teeth form.

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7
Q

Nasal placode

A

Placodes that develop into olfactory organ for the sensation of smell located in the mature nose.

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8
Q

Placode

A

Area of ectoderm found at the location of the developing special sense organs on the embryo.

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9
Q

In which weeks is the face established?

A

4th -10th week.

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10
Q

Mesenchyme from the frontonasal prominence arises from…

A

Neural crest cells (from midbrain and the forebrain)

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11
Q

Mesenchyme from the maxillary and mandibular prominences arises from…

A

Neural crest cells (from midbrain and the hindbrain)

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12
Q

UPDATED: week 4

A

Week four, swellings galore!

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13
Q

The primitive oral cavity is separated from the GI tract by a…

A

oropharyngeal membrane

(as the maxillary processes develop and enlarge ventrally and medially this starts to disintegrate)

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14
Q

Non-true fusion/merging

A

Process by which a groove between two facial processes is eliminated.

in between the groove the gap is essentially filled in by tissue proliferating upwards (in the valley) to ‘fuse’.

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15
Q

Where does non-true fusion occur?

A

Mandibular processes and maxillary processes

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16
Q

True fusion

A

Two separate processes growing towards each other, contacting and then fusing.

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17
Q

Does the primary palate separate the oral and nasal cavities?

A

No it demarcates it.

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18
Q

UPDATED: week 5

A

week five, placodes thrive!

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19
Q

UPDATED: week 6

A

week six, jaw, cheeks, duct and lips!

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20
Q

UPDATED: week 7

A

week seven, boney heaven!

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21
Q

UPDATED: week 8

A

week eight, ate

22
Q

Intermaxilary segment gives rise to…

A

This gives rise to the philtrum, and later the primary palate (containing 4 incisor teeth).

23
Q

Fairly recognisable human face by week…

A

10

24
Q

UPDATED: week 10

A

week ten, fully grown men

25
Q

Clinical scenario: too little fusion of the lateral portions of the maxillary and mandibular swellings.

A

Macrostomia (large mouth)

26
Q

Clinical scenario: too much fusion of the lateral portions of the maxillary and mandibular swellings.

A

Microstomia (small mouth)

27
Q

UPDATED: week 12

A

week twelve, i can’t believe those used to be palatal shelves!

28
Q

UPDATED: week 16

A

week sixteen, we see the unseen

29
Q

Contributions to the face: Frontonasal

A

Forehead, bridge of nose

30
Q

Contributions to the face: medial nasal

A

Philtrum of the lip, crest and tip of nose

31
Q

Contributions to the face: Lateral nasal

A

alae of nose

32
Q

Contributions to the face: maxillary

A

Cheeks, lateral upper lip

33
Q

Contributions to the face: mandibular

A

lower lip

34
Q

First sign of tooth development: Primary epithelial band

A

Week 6

35
Q

What happens in the frontonasal prominence region when there is a condensation of mesenchyme?

A

Mesenchymal cells start to differentiate to form chondroblasts, and the cartilage of the nose begins to form here.

36
Q

Frontonasal cartilage

A

Supports the developments of the maxilla and will form the cartilages of the cranial base.

37
Q

Two methods of bone development

A
  1. Intramembranous
  2. Endochondral
38
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Formation of an osteoid within two dense connective tissue sheets which then replaces the connective tissue.

Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts from osteoid.

39
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Bone deposit is laid down on the outside of the cartilage

40
Q

Where are the primary ossification centres for the maxilla located?

A

It is located at the termination of the infraorbital nerve just superior to the dental lamina of the primary maxillary canine tooth, in each maxillary process.

41
Q

Where are the secondary ossification centres for the maxilla located?

A

found at the zygomatic, orbital-nasal, nasopalatine, and intermaxillary then appear and fuse rapidly.

42
Q

What week does the ossification centres for the maxilla appear?

A

Week 7

43
Q

What generates the primary palate region?

A

The two intermaxillary centres generate the alveolar ridge (primary palate region).

44
Q

Subsequent growth of the maxilla can be subdivided into several skeletal units

A
  1. Basal body unit
  2. Nasal unit
  3. Alveolar unit
  4. Pneumatic unit
45
Q

Growth of maxilla: basal body unit

A

Develops under the infraorbital nerve and responds to the eyeball growth.

46
Q

Growth of maxilla: Nasal unit

A

Depends on the nasal septal cartilage.

47
Q

Growth of maxilla: Alveolar unit

A

Responds to tooth growth in the maxilla.

48
Q

Growth of maxilla: Pneumatic unit

A

Reflects the maxillary sinus expansion.

49
Q

Development of the vomer bone

A

Develops in inferior aspect of the nasal septum.
Intramembranous

50
Q

Control of pattern formation

A

Retinoic acids, growth factors (BMP,FGF,Shh,Wnt & endothelins)

Controls proliferation, survival and apoptosis.

M4:Craniofacial Biology and tooth development (9 decks)

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