Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Structure - Block 2 - Week #5 - Flashcards - JTC > Development of the Urinary System | B2, WK5 > Flashcards

Development of the Urinary System | B2, WK5 Flashcards

1
Q

The urinary (and genital) system is derived from what?

A

Intermediate mesoderm (intermediate mesenchyme)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the urogenital ridge differentiate into?

A

nephrogenic cord and genital ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the nephrogenic cord eventually form?

A

Mesonephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What three excretory organs does the nephrogenic cord give rise to?

A

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros (permanent kidney)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the pronephros

A

Shows up, then immediately leaves (blame evolution)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the mesenephros

A

Int. Mes. of upper thoracic to 3rd lumbar
Mesonephric duct runs from it to the urogenital sinus
Produces small amounts of urine (between wks 6-10)
Disappears by wk 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the metanephros

A

Forms adult kidney
Attaches to UG sinus via ureteric bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What two structures does the metanephros form?

A

1- ureteric bud
2- metanephric mesoderm (metanephric blastema)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does ureteric bud develop into?

A

-collecting tubules
-ducts of kidney
-ureter
-Renal pelvic
-Major/Minor calyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the metanephric mesoderm develop into?

A

-glomerular capsules
-proximal convoluted tubules
-nephron loops
-distal convoluted tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The uretic bud begins to differentiate at the start of week 5. The initial bulging turns into what structure? And then what structures form (weeks 6-7)?

A

Renal pelvis
After that, the major calyx and minor calyx develop.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

By the 10th week, the collecting tubules and _____________ fuse, creating what?

A

Nephron
Created pathway for urine to leave kidney (so kidney is then functional)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: During weeks 6-9, the kidney descends from the lumbar to pelvis region

A

F: Ascends from pelvis to lumbar region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a unilateral renal agenesis?

A

When one kidney fails to develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What could cause a renal agenesis?

A

Arises if interaction between ureteric bud and mesoderm fails to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is bilateral renal agenesis?

A

Both kidenys fail to develop - this is fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If someone suffers oligohydramnios during pregnancy, what could this be a sign of?

A

Bilateral Renal Agenesis

Oligohydramnios: Disorder of amniotic fluid resulting in decreased amniotic fluid volume for gestational age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is potter sequence?

A
19
Q

What is a pelvic kidney? What would be the kidneys blood supply?

A

One/both kidneys fail to migrate.
Blood supply: Common iliac artery

**Note, kidneys work fine and this is typically asymptomatic

20
Q

What is a horseshoe kidney?

A

Lower parts of L and R kidney fuse together
As kidney starts to migrate up, it gets caught on IMA

**Note, kidneys work fine and this is typically asymptomatic

21
Q

What is a bifid ureter?

A

Ureter duplication
-May be partial (Y-pattern) or complete (2 separate ureters)

22
Q

What is a supernumerary kidney?

A

The supernumerary kidney is kidney in addition to two kidneys. It may or may not be fused to the other kidneys. Only a few case reports are in literature.

23
Q

When would a kidney have multiple renal vessels?

A

If temporary vessels (from ascending) fail to regress
(this is fairly common)

24
Q

Contrast a intravenous pyleogram from a retrograde pyleogram

A

Intravenous: contrast injected into veins
retrograde: contrast injected into urethra

25
Q

What is hydronephrosis?

A

Distention of kidney with urine
**caused by obstruction to urine flow
(can be diagnosed via ultra sound)

26
Q

What could be some causes of hydronephrosis?

A

-Tumor/cancer
-Pregnancy
-Kidney stones
-Vesicouretral reflux (reflux of urine from bladder back into ureters)

27
Q

Are simple kidneys cysts asymptomatic?

A

usually!

28
Q

What is PKD?

A

Genetic disorder causing numerous kidney cysts
Eventually interfere with normal kidney function
Cysts can migrate to liver (PLD)

29
Q

RECALL: what is included in the hindgut?

A

Rectum, sup. anal canal, epithelium of urinary bladder, most of urethra

30
Q

The expanded distal end of the hindgut is known as

A

Cloaca

31
Q

What is the cloacal membrane?

A

Separates cloaca from outside of the body

32
Q

Allantois

A

Cloaca –> umbilicus

33
Q

What does the anterior part of the cloaca form? what about the posterior?

A

Anterior: forms urogenital sinus (epi. of bladder, most of urethra, allantois)
Posterior: anorectal canal (rectum + sup. part of anal canal)

34
Q

What does the urorectal septum separate?

A

Cloaca into ant. urogenital sinus and post. into anorectal canal

35
Q

After week 7, the urorectal septum is done dividing. It then fuses with part of the cloacal membrane. What is formed?

A

Perineal body (central tendon of the perineum)

36
Q

What is the cloacal membrane subdivided by perineal body into?

A

-ant. urogenital membrane
-post. anal membrane

(these membranes rupture after wk. 8)

37
Q

What forms the bladder and most of the urethra?

A

Cloaca (endoderm) and splanchnic mesoderm

[Cloaca = epithelium, splanchnic = muscles and CT]

38
Q

What is anorectal agenesis (anal agenesis)? What causes it?

A

Rectum ends in blind pouch
Caused by abnormal urorectal septum formation

39
Q

What is an imperforate anus?

A

Anal membrane fails to rupture

40
Q

What is the function of the cortex [adrenal glands]?

A

Secretes corticosteroids (hormones that regulate salt, sugar, or sex)

41
Q

What is the function of the medulla [adrenal glands]?

A

Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine (prolong effects of sympathetic ANS - fight/flight)

42
Q

What is the adrenal cortex formed from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm (from urogenital ridge)

43
Q

What is the adrenal medulla formed from?

A

Neural crest cells (that migrate to + penetrate deep to the cortex)

44
Q

In the adrenal medulla, what do neural cells differentiate into?

A

Chromaffin cells of the medulla

Human Structure - Block 2 - Week #5 - Flashcards - JTC (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions