Development Psych Flashcards
(43 cards)
Cognitive Development
Development of knowledge and how children learn under various conditions
Aim to show how children learn something
Piaget
Theory of cognitive development that describes basic stages that children go through as they mature mentally
Theory of schemas
What is Piaget’s theory?
Child constructs a mental model of world, intelligence is not a fixed trait and development is a process which occurs due to bio maturation and interaction with environment
Piaget Schemas
Cognitive frameworks that help people understand and organise and interpret information and enable us to form mental representation of world
Adaption and assimilation - Schemas
Assimilation - using an existing schema to deal with new object or situation
Adaption- happens when existing schema does not work and needs to be changed to deal with new object or situation
Equilibration - Schemas
Force which moves development along
Occurs when child’s schemas can deal with new information through assimilation
Disequilibrium - Schemas
Unpleasant state
new information cannot be fitted into existing schema and schema must be changed or created
What are Piaget Stages of development?
- Sensori-motor
- Pre-operational
- Concrete operational
- Formal operational
Sensori motor stage
birth - 2 years
Infants knowledge of world limited to sensory perception and motor activities
Preoperational stage
2 - 6 years old Child learns language Doesn't understand logic, cannot mentally manipulate info cant see others POV
Concrete operational
7 - 11 years
gains better understanding of mental operations
Starts to think logically
Difficult to understand abstract concepts
Formal operational stage
12 to adulthood Develops skills to think about abstract concepts Develop skills such as logical thought, deductive reasoning systematic planning
Physical development
Advancements and refinement of motor skills
Stages of Physical development
0 - 2 : Sitting, crawling, and standing
2 - 6 : Running, skipping, throwing, swimming and balancing
7 - 10 : Combining movement and skills (ball games)
11 - 12 : Development of specialised skills for particular sports (netball)
Social Development
Children’s development of relationships with others, understanding of the meaning of relationships and understanding others intentions, thoughts and attitudes
Vygotsky and Social development
Social learning precedes development
Social interaction plays fundamental role on process of cognitive development
New info liked to prior knowledge thus mental representation are subjective
More Knowledgeable other
MKO anyone who has better understanding of a particular task than the learner
Zone of proximal development
ZPD is the distance between a students ability to perform a task under adult guidance and solving problem independently
Vygotsky vs Piaget
Social construct
P - Little emphasis
V - Heavy emphasis
Stages
P - Strong emphasis on stages of development
V - No general stages of development
Constructivism
P - Cognitive constructivist
V - Social constructivist
Role of language
P - Minimal
V - Major (language plays powerful role in shaping thoughts)
Key processes
P - Schemas , Equilibrium, Adaption, accommodation and assimilation
V - Zone of proximal development, scaffolding (language tools of culture)
Vygotsky vs Piaget- Social construct, Stages, Constructivist, role of language and key processes
Social construct
P - Little emphasis
V - Heavy emphasis
Stages
P - Strong emphasis on stages of development
V - No general stages of development
Constructivism
P - Cognitive constructivist
V - Social constructivist
Role of language
P - Minimal
V - Major (language plays powerful role in shaping thoughts)
Key processes
P - Schemas , Equilibrium, Adaption, accommodation and assimilation
V - Zone of proximal development, scaffolding (language tools of culture)
What is emotional development
Emergence of the experience, expression, understanding, and regulation of emotions from birth and the growth and change in these capacities throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
Emotional development cont.
As children develop they develop strategies to manage emotional responses
Young children - physical behaviour and reactions
Then develop ability to recognise feelings
Results of experience of emotions
Physical response (heart rate and breathing) Thoughts and judgements associated with feelings Actions desires (fight or flight)
Importance of play (Parten 1932)
Play is important for children to develop emotionally, physically and socially
6 stages
