Developmental Concepts

Question 1

6 developmental concepts

Answer 1

1. Cephalocaudal (head control before trunk control)
2. Asymmetric - symmetric
3. Flexion - extension
4. Mobility - stability
5. Proximal - distal
6. Gross - to fine motor (mass vs. discrete movements) (dissociation)

Question 2

What does cephalocaudal mean?

Answer 2

Head to tail/foot

Question 3

Cephalocaudal: _____ control starts first progression down the spine

Answer 3

HEAD

Question 4

Cephalocaudal: You need ____ control.

See progression of development of ____ ____ moving level to level

Answer 4

Core

Erector spinae

Question 5

Cephalocaudal: What are some examples?

Answer 5

Prone extension
Lateral righting reactions: if you tip baby, head starts coming back to right position.
If they lack control, hands come up to guarding position. Baby doesn’t have control of trunk yet

Question 6

Cephalocaudal: Becomes foundation for ____ and free use of _____

Answer 6

Control

Extremities

Question 7

Development of symmetry: Do you have asymmetry or symmetry at birth?

Answer 7

SYMMETRY

Question 8

If baby has asymmetry at BIRTH, what happened?

Answer 8

The baby had a stroke

Question 9

When should asymmetry be max?

Answer 9

At 2 months

Question 10

You will see _____ at 2 months, what will you see as an abnormality?

Answer 10

ATNR

Baby will get stuck in this position: abnormal

Question 11

At what age does the baby regain symmetry?

Answer 11

4 months

Question 12

What age does hand dominance occur?

Answer 12

4-6 years of age

Question 13

Should you see a preference when babies are playing with their hands?

Answer 13

You may see preferences, but they should be using both extremities to play. Should not be able to performance as well with other hand

Question 14

Antigravity control: Baby starts out in physiological ______

Answer 14

Flexion

Question 15

Antigravity control: A premature baby will move out into ____ too quick

Answer 15

Extension

Question 16

Antigravity control: Start by lifting head in ____ position

Answer 16

Prone

Question 17

Antigravity control: _____ slightly precedes _____

Answer 17

Extension
Flexion

“Back to sleep, tummy to play”

Question 18

Antigravity control: When you have a balance of flexion and extension, this enables the use of what two motions?

Answer 18

Rotation and lateral flexion

Question 19

Rotation requires ____ _____

Answer 19

Complex control

Question 20

Antigravity control: If you have too much ext/flex, won’t allow ______ ____, ____ ____, _______

Answer 20

Lateral flexion
Righting reactions
Balance

Question 21

Antigravity control: Examples:

Answer 21

Head lifting in prone (first), and supine (second)

Righting and equilibrium reactions (extension looks better than flexion initially)

Question 22

Mobility vs. Stability: Baby start in _______ (physiological flexion)

Answer 22

Stability

Question 23

Mobility vs. Stability: Starts to mobilize ______

Answer 23

Extremities

Gross swiping
(Kicking)

Question 24

Mobility vs. Stability: Assumes new position and gains __________
UE posturing to assist in ____ _______
New _______ requires _______ first

Answer 24

Stability
UE positions
Position, stability

Question 25

Mobility vs. Stability: First, distal _____ with proximal _____

Answer 25

Stability Mobility Distal component fixed as proximal component in moving (Quadruped)

Question 26

Mobility vs. Stability: Second, ______ stability with _____ mobility

Answer 26

Proximal stability with distal mobility Example: crawling - core is working Reaching - distal mobility at hand, stabilizing at shoulder QP —> crawling

Question 27

Proximal to distal progression: Proximal: _________ Distal: ________

Answer 27

Closer to head/trunk | Away from head/trunk

Question 28

Proximal to distal progression: What are the most distal components?

Answer 28

Hands (fingers) | Feet (toes)

Question 29

Proximal to distal progression: Examples?

Answer 29

Handwriting- entire arm moves, then you can start to use only distal component Gait heel strike- Proximal to distal - heel strike comes later

Question 30

Proximal to distal progression: With mechanical stability, child may utilize some ______ control (scratching in prone)

Answer 30

Distal | Kid sitting in corner of couch) (High chair with tray

Question 31

Mass vs. Discrete Movements: Larger, inefficient movements become _____ and ______

Answer 31

Refine | Discrete

Question 32

Mass vs. Discrete Movements: Examples: Reaching: More _____, ______ movement Ball skills: Trapping - with ____ movement first. Needs to be timed or else ball hits chest. ______ to _______ balls Gait: Begins with _____, _____ movements, slowly becomes more ______

Answer 32

Directed, refined Gross Large to small balls Gross, massed — becomes more refined

Question 33

Dissociation: | Total ____ and _____ movements become refined, so there are components of both ____ and _____ if the task requires it

Answer 33

Flexion and extension | Flexion and extension

Question 34

Dissociation: Breaking out of _______ | Initially are _______/________, then start breaking out

Answer 34

Synergies | Flexion/extension

Question 35

Dissociation: | Initially don’t even have dissociation btw ____ and _____ body

Answer 35

Upper and lower

Question 36

Dissociation: Babies may even be reaching with _____ and ______, but older child should no longer have these patterns

Answer 36

Hands and feet

Question 37

Dissociation: Examples: | Gait —> (knee phases) - dissociation instead of all joints ____ or ____

Answer 37

Flexing or extending

Question 38

Dissociation: Examples: Grasping with portion of the hand. Starts with _____ grasp - rake object into hand No _____ movements By end of _____ year, can pincer grasp — dissociate across hand

Answer 38

Gross Refined First

Question 39

Dissociation: In hand manipulation in _____ and _____

Answer 39

Pre-K and kindergarten

Question 40

Quality of Development: Child may be able to roll- move into __________ then gravity kicks in to complete movement

Answer 40

Hyperextension

Question 41

Quality of Development: Developmental checklists typically determine _______ of motor skills

Answer 41

Quality

Question 42

Quality of Development: Note new motor skills do not have ____ quality until later in ______

Answer 42

Good Practice (Even for adults) (Freezing DOF, then get better)

Question 43

WB and WS Development: | Weight bearing: At 1st, child utilizes ____ BOS to provide _____ stability

Answer 43

Wide | External

Question 44

WB and WS Development: (prone on elbows= ____ position of WB of babies)

Answer 44

First

Question 45

WB and WS Development: Weight shifting: At first, WS to ______ ______ which does not enable reaching toward toy. Need to move ____ side to reach object

Answer 45

Face side Skull side

Question 46

WB and WS Development: Examples: Walking: Need to _____ ____ WS to free up limb to reach with foot Jumping/hopping: Need to have WS ________

Answer 46

Skull Side Perfected

Question 47

Refinement of Balance: balance is perfected in a ____ ___ position while the child is developing skills in a ____ position

Answer 47

Lower level New

Question 48

Refinement of Balance: Baby is just managing sitting; Don’t have good balance in sitting, but starting to _____

Answer 48

Crawl | Moving forward before perfecting previous movement

Question 49

Refinement of Balance: Sitting and QP: Perfecting _____, and already moving to ____

Answer 49

Sitting QP

Question 50

Transitional Movements: First- transitions in ______ plane

Answer 50

Straight

Question 51

Transitional Movements: Example: Sitting to ____

Answer 51

QP

Question 52

Transitional Movements: Baby in criss cross, leans forward into QP, later on the baby will _____

Answer 52

Rotate

Question 53

Transitional Movements: Facilitation works on _____ movement, kid already has vaulting

Answer 53

Rotational

Question 54

Transitional Movements: Progress to moving with ______ movements

Answer 54

Rotational

Question 55

Transitional Movements: Decreased use of ____ for transitions

Answer 55

UE

Question 56

Transitional Movements: If using more hands still... shows decreased development in _____ and ____

Answer 56

Core and LE

Question 57

Transitional Movements: Examples: | Sitting —> ______ —> Quadruped

Answer 57

Prone