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Oral Pathology Exam 4 > Developmental Conditions of Teeth > Flashcards

Developmental Conditions of Teeth Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most common microdontia?

A

Peg lateral

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2
Q

What is the 2nd most common microdontia?

A

3rd Molars

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3
Q

In hypodontia/oligodontia what are the most common teeth that fail to form?

A
  • 3rd molars
  • Maxillary laterals
  • 2nd premolars
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4
Q

What is the etiology of hypodontia, in several cases?

A

Autosomal Dominant

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5
Q

What teeth are missing if you have an AXIN2 gene mutation?

A
  • 2nd molars
  • 3rd molars
  • 2nd premolar
  • mandibular incisors
  • maxillary laterals
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6
Q

What is a serious concern that requires follow up in those with the AXIN2 gene mutation?

A

Colonic polyps that will become malignant

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7
Q

What is the etiology of Ectodermal Dysplasia?

A

X-linked Recessive

Males

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8
Q

What is the appearance of the teeth in pts with Ectodermal Dysplasia?

A

Hypodontia = only a few peg shaped teeth

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9
Q

What is the most common supernumerary tooth?

A

Mesiodens

  • between maxillary incisors
  • Can impede eruption similar to an odontoma
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10
Q

What are distomolars?

A

4th molars

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11
Q

What are paramolars?

A

Supernummerary tooth buccal or lingual to molars

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12
Q

In what arch do 90% of supernumeraries occur in?

A

Maxillary - most are peg shaped

  • 10% in mandible - most with normal anatomy
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13
Q

What diseases/syndromes are associated with supernumerary teeth?

A
  • Gardner Syndrome
  • Cleidocranial Dysplasia
  • Riga Fede Disease
    • Accessory natal teeth present at birth
      • Crowns but no roots
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14
Q
  • “twinning”
  • Single tooth bud that didn’t divide completely
    • Bifid crown with shared root canal
  • Have to count teeth to be able to tell what it is
    • normal tooth count
A

Gemination

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15
Q
  • Two tooth buds
    • Separate root canals
  • Lack of space/trauma pushed these together in early development and they conjoined
  • Will have less teeth than normal
A

Fusion

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16
Q
  • 2 teeth joined ONLY by cementum
  • Hypercementosis ridged two roots
  • Separate dentin and enamel on biopsy
A

Concrescence

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17
Q

What is the etiology of a abnormally deviated root = dilaceration?

A
  • Abnormal shape from trauma
  • Hertwig’s Root Sheath deviated producing a root that is deviated to the side in abnormal fashion
  • No problems until extraction
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18
Q

What tooth is most commonly affected by dens invaginates/ dens in dente?

A

Maxillary lateral (14%)

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19
Q

What is the etiology of Dens invaginates?

A
  • Invagination of enamel epithelium from the lingual pit area forms a thin layer of enamel and dentin within the crown.
  • Bacteria enters and creates pulp exposure, leaving the teeth vulnerable to occult caries = PA Pathosis
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20
Q
  • Nodules of enamel on root trunk where it doesn’t belong
  • Ameloblasts get displaces
  • No periodontal attachment - can cause a perio defect
A

Enamel pearl

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21
Q

What population is mostly affected by Enamel Pearls?

A

Asains

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22
Q
  • “bull tooth”
  • Elongated clinical crown + short roots
    • Bifurcation of roots occurs at the apex
  • Rectangular shaped root and crown
  • Big pulp canal
A

Taurodontism

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23
Q

In what population does Taurodontism mostly occur?

A

Asians

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24
Q

What teeth are most commonly effected by taurodontism?

A

Mandibular molars

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25
What is the pathogenesis of Taurodontism?
Late invagination of HERS
26
Shovel shaped incisors are most common on what teeth?
**Prominent marginal ridges** on **maxillary incisors**
27
Shovel shaped incisors are most common in what populations?
**Asians + Native Americans** normal anatomy for these ethnicities
28
**Cingulum** enlarged to for a cusp
Talon cusp
29
What tooth most commonly has a talon cusp?
Lateral incisor
30
What are some dental considerations for pts with talon cusps?
* Pulp exposure if removed * Can interfere with occlusion
31
Cusp like projection in the **central fossa**
Dens Evaginatus
32
Dens Evaginatus is most common in what tooth?
Occlusal of **mandibular 2nd premolar**
33
In what population is Dens Evaginatus common?
Asians
34
What are some dental considerations for a tooth with dens evaginatus?
Potential **pulp exposure** if removed
35
Where is the Cusp of Carabelli?
**MesioPalatal** **Maxillary 1st Molar**
36
Where is the protostylid cusp?
**Mesiobuccal** **Mandibular 1st molar**
37
In what population are protostylids ONLY found in?
Native Americans
38
Where is the Cusp of Bolk?
**Mesiobuccal** **Maxillary 2nd Molar**
39
* Looks like an enamel pearl that stays attached * **Extension of enamel** into the **buccal furcation** of a **mandibular molar**
Bikini Enamel
40
What is the dental consideration for pts with Bikini Enamel?
* If the follicle that accompanies the extension gets inflammed in a partly erupted 3rd molar it can cause: * **Perio furcation** * **Buccal Bifurcation Cyst** * Squamous lined INFLAMMATORY follicular cyst
41
In what population does Bikini enamel occur?
Asians
42
* Affects **ONLY crowns** or **portions of crowns developing at the _time of insult_** * Epithelium problem * Ameloblasts are vulnerable to injury (hypoxia, chemicals, trauma, drugs) can become etched into the enamel * Ameloblasts can recover and produce enamel again = **Bands of Enamel**
Enamel Hypoplasia: Environmental
43
What can cause Enamel Hypoplasia? (5)
* **Childhood infections** * **Congenital Syphilis** * Hutchinson's incisors * Mulberry molars * **Birth trauma/Cerebral Palsy** * **Vitamin Deficiency:** * **A** = Enamel * **C** = Collagen * **D** = Deficient miineralization * **Maternal Diabetes**
44
Affects **ENTIRE Crown** of **BOTH Dentitions** Epithelium problem
Enamel Hypoplasia/Amelogenesis Imperfecta: Inherited
45
What are the Characteristics of Hypoplastic Amelogenesis Imperfecta?
* Calcification, histology, and mineralization all normal * _Enamel matrix is thin_ * **​Spacing between teeth**: due to enamel that should be present * Radiograph shows thin enamel - even in teeth that havent erupted yet * **Small, yellow teeth** with rough enamel surface, significant attrition, anterior open bite, and open contacts * Teeth resemble **crown preps**, and some teeth can **fail to erupt**
46
What are the Characteristics of Hypocalcified Amelogenesis Imperfecta?
* Normal thickness, but doesn't calcify right * **Soft, shallow, _brown_ discolored enamel** * **Enamel flakes off** occlusal and incisal surfaces, and is easily damaged by dental tools and the cavitron * Shows up radiographically, **not the normal RO of enamel**, but similar to the opacity of dentin
47
What are the Characteristics of Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta?
* Normal thickness of matrix and normal calcification * **Post-calcification** - **crystals of calcium fail to grow and interlock** * Discolored crowns with normal anatomy * **Snow Caps** * Mottled, opaque whie enamel with scattered areas of brown discoloration * **Can't penetrate with explorer**, but vulnerable to cavitron
48
What is the treatment for Hypoplastic and Hypocalcified Amelogenesis Imperfecta?
Veneers or Full Crowns
49
What is the treatment for Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta?
Might not need crowns, but be careful not to damage with dental instruments
50
Deciduous Tooth erupts looking chipped
Turner Tooth
51
What is the pathogenesis of Turner's Tooth?
* **Focal Enamel Hypoplasia of Succedaneous tooth** * Due to **trauma**, or **periapical inflammation** in the **overlying deciduous tooth**, not a systemic problem affecting amelobalsts
52
What teeth are most commonly affected with Turner's Tooth?
Deciduous Molars and Maxillary Centrals
53
What concentration of fluoride causes Flurosis?
\> 1ppm
54
What are the characteristics of teeth with Fluorosis?
* **Opaque, brown, chalky white areas** * NOT hypoplastic, just discoloration * **Caries resistant** * No x-ray findings - enamel looks normal
55
What is the pathogenesis of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta?
* _CT Problem_ * **Mesenchymal defect** affecting dentin * Enamel is normal although teeth look bad * See dentin through translucent enamel
56
What teeth are affected in Dentinogenesis Imperfecta?
**All teeth** of **BOTH dentitions**, but teeth developing latest are least affected
57
What is the appearance of the teeth in Dentinogenesis Imperfecta?
* **Opalescent** and **brown/purple** * **Pulp Chambers** completely **lost** * **Roots thinner** and **shorter** * **Crowns bulbous**/tulip shaped
58
What are the dental considerations for DI?
* Caries is not a problem - **dentinal tubules** are **spared** * A pt with DI is at NO risk of getting OI * But a pt with OI will get DI * **Early attrition** can lead to exposure of thin pulp horns which can lead to loss of crown length and PA pathosis * **Implants and Dentures** are the recommended treatment
59
What is the etiology of Dentin Dysplasia Type I and II?
Autosomal Dominant
60
What are the characteristics of teeth in a person with Dentin Dysplasia Type I?
* **Rootless Teeth** - absent/very short * **Obliteration of pulp chamber** * *Like in DI*
61
What are the characteristics of teeth in a person with Dentin Dysplasia Type II?
* Crowns of **deciduous teeth resemble Dentinogenesis Imperfecta** * **Permanent dentition** looks **normal** * X-ray shows **_thistle tube pulpe chambers + pulp stones_**
62
What are the characteristics of Regional Odontodysplasia?
Ghost Teeth * 1 or 2 teeth per quad * **Pulp chambers are enormous** * **Thin enamel and dentin** * **Many teeth don't erupt** * Subject to early pulp and PA pathosis for those that do erupt
63

Oral Pathology Exam 4 (7 decks)

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