developmental psychology Flashcards
(35 cards)
The boy of Averyon was :
a- the son of piaget
b- a boy from a romanian orphanage who was bought over to the uk and his development was assessed after a few years
c- a boy likely to be abandoned in the woods as an infant who was attempted to be rehabilitated
c- the wild boy of averyron was called Victor , he was likely to have been left in the woods, he survived with no input from society, he therefore was very animalistic and had no concept of speech. Itard caught him and took him in to study, he attempted to train the boy to speak but failed and gave up.
John Locke had the theory of :
a- The mind is indivisible unlike the body
b- The brain is a clean slate in which our experiences develop over time
c-That speech is inbuilt into our minds
b- ‘ the blank slate theory’ - the development of the brain is reliant on the things around the person
Plato was :
a - a nativist
b- an empiricist
c-a mechanoist
a- Plato was an Nativist , he believed that the genes establish who a person becomes.
Aristotle was :
a- a environmentalist
b- a empiricist
c- a naturalist
B- Aristotle believed that the environment and experiences shape who a person becomes
The main ways to study children are :
A- visual preferance paradigm - based on where babies look (Robert Fantz) , Habituation - studying a baby over a long period of time , Looking time study - violating expectancy of a child
B- Longitudinal , Cross sectional , Step functions
C- Visual preferance paradigm - based on where babies look , preference to a stimulus (robert Fantz ) , habituation - getting a baby familiarised with a stimulus by exposing it to it repeatedly, Looking time study - usually uses a magic trick - violating expectancy of a child
C- Visual preferance paradigm - based on where babies look , preference to a stimulus (robert Fantz ) , habituation - getting a baby familiarised with a stimulus by exposing it to it repeatedly, Looking time study - usually uses a magic trick - violating expectancy of a child.
Longitudinal studies are :
A- studying the length of a baby
B- Studying a mixture of ages of children
C- Studying a child over a period of time
C- Longitudinal studies study a sample of children over a long period of time , these studies can be costly and are not always chosen over other methods because there is a high drop out rate.
A study where a sample of children at a range of ages is called a :
A- cross- sectional research
B- cross- sample research
C- cross-suitable research
A- cross sectional research takes a sample of children at a range of ages to collect research under a cohort bias
Reaction speed plotted on a graph would show what shape curve ?
A- continuous increase
B- upright U shape
C- inverted U shape
C- inverted U shape- the reaction speed will increase as a child ages, but will decrease in ability as they reach old age
True or false : A graph plotting the stepping reaction would give a upright U shape ?
True. Newborns can do stepping actions when supported , this behaviour drops off as they reach a bit older because they gain weight. The behaviour will increase again when their muscles in their legs grow and can support their weight.
If there is a 3rd variable in a study it can lead to :
A- Causal relationships
B- error
C- continuous data
A- causal relationships can be caused by introducing a third variable , however a separate experiment would need to be done to prove the causal relationship.
The study where babies were grasping at pictures as if they were objects was done by :
A- Joan Deloache
B- Piaget
C- Judy Deloache
C- Judy Deloache noticed that babies would grasp at pictures of objects as if they were the objects themselves. The experiment found that the more realistic photos were the ones grasped at more than the line drawings.
What is the difference between organismic world view and Mechanistic world view ?
A- There is no difference
B- organismic views are that development is driven by internal mechanisms , mechanistic are views that there are external influences on the origin of change.
C- organismic views are that the external influences are what drives development , mechanistic views are that there is a internal mechanism driving the development of an organism
B - organismic views are that development is driven by internal mechanisms , mechanistic are views that there are external influences on the origin of change.
Piaget believed in :
A- core theory - that changes don’t occur in the underlying structures , that there is elaborations of the development
B- stage theory - development occurs at one stage of a persons life
C- stage theory - development undergoes reconstruction at each stage, every stage is significantly different to others
C- stage theory - development undergoes reconstruction at each stage, every stage is significantly different to others
Perception is :
A- a process that allows us to see the world and the organisms in it
B - a process where the sensory input s represented in a way the brain can use and understand
C- the stimulation of a sensory organ
B- perception is the sensory input put into a representation the brain can use and understand
( c- the stimulation of a sensory organ is sensation)
Areas of interest on a face for a newborn baby will be :
A- areas of high contrast such as under the chin
B- only their mothers face
C- the eyes
A - Babies will have a preference for their mothers face after a few hours but they will be drawn to look at under the chin, the hair line and the neck because these are areas of high contrast that the newborn can see.
At two months old the babies _________ is ________ developed and the baby can recognise and process facial _______.
A- LOC, MORE , MOVEMENTS
B- CORTEX, MORE , EMOTIONS
C- CORTEX, MORE , FEATURES
C- At two months old the babies CORTEX is MORE developed and the baby can recognise and process facial FEATURES.
Cognition is :
A- the way we move
B- the way information is processed
C- the way information is stored
B- cognition is the way information is processed and used
Piaget believed children were :
A- Constructionist
B- Contractualists
C-Cognitavists
A- piaget believed that children were Constructionists, they create their own reality by exploring their environment
A solopist is:
A- Someone who only can focus on themselves
B- someone that thinks the world is an extension of themselves
C- someone who thinks everything is for themself
B- Piaget believed that newborns are extreme solopists, they have no sense of self and they believe the world is an extension of themselves.
What are the four stages of cognitive development according to Piaget ? (in order )
A- preoperational, sensorimotor , Concrete operational , Formal operational
B - sensorimotor . preoperational, concrete operational , formal operational
C- Sensorimotor, Concrete operational , preoperational, formal operational
B - sensorimotor . preoperational, concrete operational , formal operational
Schemas adapt through the builtt in process of ___________ which is when _____ information is bought in to an already existing schema
A- accommodation , new
B- Assimilation,old
C- Assimilation , New
C- Schemas adapt through the builtt in process of ASSIMILATION which is when NEW information is bought in to an already existing schema
Accommodation is the process of :
A- remembering the new schemas
B -bringing information into a new schema
C- modifying an existing schema
C- modifying an existing schema
How did McGarrigle change Piaget’s number experiment ?
A- changed the number of counters so it was a smaller number for the child to count
B- getting a teddy bear to move the counter length
C- asking the child the question twice
B- McGarrigle got a teddy bear to change the length of the line the counters were in instead of the experimenter . In this cad the children were more likely to get the answer right.
( asking the child twice was not done because it caused the child to misinterpret the question and think their answer was wrong )
What did Seigler find as the most effective way to improve the children’s results in the number conservation counter test ?
A- getting the experimenter to tell the child if they were right or wrong
B- experimenter telling the child the answer and asking them to explain it
C- getting the child to explain their answer
b - seigler tried all of the options , but found that when the child had to think about why the experimenter said the answer they did , they had to put themselves in the other persons shoes and think about someone else’s logic and viewpoint , this showed the best improvement in the childs scores
