developments in public health + welfare 18th,19th century

Question 1

what did houses start to become

Answer 1

brick houses so were warmer and healthier

Question 2

what did the introduction of enclosure do

Answer 2

opened ways for many efficient farming and Food production increased and this led to some improvement in people’s diets.

Question 3

how did some of these attempts have limited success

Answer 3

it was difficult to raise money to build sewers or to employ people to remove rubbish

Question 4

why did it become near impossible to keep streets clean

Answer 4

towns were growing rapidly

Question 5

what did slaughterhouses continue to do

Answer 5

they continued to operate inside town boundariesg

Question 6

give an example of a slaughterhouse that did this

Answer 6

smithfield in London

Question 7

how many sheep was herded into smithfield in 1750

Answer 7

500,000 which created huge amounts of manure and waste and it was still believed that disease was caused by miasma

Question 8

who was Edwin Chadwick and what did he believe

Answer 8

a physician and social reformer and was a member of the poor law commission, he believed that people were poor because of ill health rather than idleness

Question 9

when did Chadwick write his influencial report and what did it lead to

Answer 9

1842 and it led to the public health act of 1848

Question 10

what did the public health act of 1948 and 1975 do

Answer 10

1848 allowed councils to improve conditions in their towns
1875 this forced councils to provide clean water, collect rubbish and inspect food

Question 11

why was the 1848 public health act slower than the 75 one

Answer 11

1848 act was voluntary

Question 12

when was there a new sewer system in London

Answer 12

1858

Question 13

what forced the government to act with a new sewer system

Answer 13

it was the cholera outbreak of 1848 rather than the Chadwick report

Question 14

who opposed Chadwicks report

Answer 14

chadwick was apart of the clean party which had the aim to improve conditions
but the dirty party (MPs) opposed this idea as they were against change as it costs too much

Question 15

what was the life expectancy in Manchester in the 19th century

Answer 15

17

Question 16

the effects of industrialisation

Answer 16

there was huge migration to industrial cities, houses for the poor workers were poor quality and overcrowded with several families sharing one house

Question 17

what was the governments attitudes towards towards public health

Answer 17

laissez faire and they didn’t take responsibility about housing, sewage and water supply

Question 18

what did poor water supply and sewage lead to

Answer 18

allowed contagious diseases to spread quicker e.g cholera

Question 19

what was the population of cardiff and liverpool in 1801

Answer 19

2,000
82,000

Question 20

what was the population of cardiff and liverpool in 1851

Answer 20

18,000
376,000

Question 21

what was the population of cardiff and liverpool in 1901

Answer 21

164,000
704,000

Question 22

what did sir henry de la Beche do in Merthyr Tydfil

Answer 22

in 1845 investigated public health in Wales most industrial town

Question 23

what did Beche report identify

Answer 23

overcrowded and unsanitary conditions which was a breeding ground for cholera and typhus up to 50 people sharing 1 toilet

Question 24

what was Henry de la Beche’s report called

Answer 24

Rammell report 1850

Question 25

what was the death rate of Methyr Tydfil between 1846 and 1855

Answer 25

332 per 10,000 inhabitants , bad working condition and pollution from iron works had a toll on people

Question 26

who was Dr Paine

Answer 26

health minister for Cardiff (1853-1889)

Question 27

what did Dr Paine do to improve public health

Answer 27

he carried out rammell recommendations and encouraged inoculation against small pox he also stopped rubbidh and sewage from being tipped into the River Taff

Question 28

what hospital did Dr Paine set up

Answer 28

hospital ship called HMS Hamadryad to treat ill sailor, this improved public health as we had clean water/better sewage system

Question 29

in the 19th century what was cardiffs death rate

Answer 29

30 in every 1000

Question 30

why was cardiffs death rate so high

Answer 30

overcrowding in places like love lane some houses had 17 people in one room poor sanitation - sewages

Question 31

what did Sir Titus Salt do

Answer 31

built a model village for his workers which was called saltire, he did this to try and improve working conditions and he did it to 'do good'. he was also a social reformer

Question 32

how many houses were in the model village

Answer 32

800 - meant less overcrowding

Question 33

what other facilities were in the model village

Answer 33

wash houses - kept cleaner hospitals - helped health reading rooms and schools - improved education park - safe and clean environment for all

Question 34

why did some people disagree with salts model village

Answer 34

some people believed he was doing it to control his workers, show of his wealth,and control religious beliefs

Question 35

when did salt die and how many people lined up for his funeral

Answer 35

1876 and 100,000 people lined up the streets of Bradford

Question 36

who was birminghams council controlled by and what did they do

Answer 36

rate payers who resisted to pay moeny so they cut spending by 50%

Question 37

what did Thomad Carlyle say

Answer 37

'the streets are ill built, ill paved'

Question 38

what did Joseph Chamberlain do

Answer 38

he became mayor of Birmingham in 1873 and made profits go into improvements of the city, in 1884 public parks were opened and in 1880 death rate dropped

Question 39

why did the use of reservoirs increase

Answer 39

growth in population so there was a larger demand for clean water health significantly improved

Question 40

what lake supplies liverpool with water

Answer 40

Lake Vyrnwy whicch was constructed in 1889

Question 41

what was the consequences of building reservoirs/dams

Answer 41

in the 1890s local people were forced of their farms so they could build them with clean water