Devin • Clostridium

Question 1

Clostridium botulinum has what toxin?

Answer 1

A-B toxin

• inhibits acetylcholine release (flaccid pararlysis)

Question 2

Clostridium botulinum protective antibodies do not develope after?

Answer 2

disease

Question 3

Clostridium difficile enterotoxin (toxin A)

Answer 3

cytopathic effect, disrupting cell-cell junctions, increasing permeability and diarrhea

Question 4

Clostridium difficile cytotoxin (toxin B)

Answer 4

causes actin depolymerization resulting in destruction of cellular cytoskeleton

Question 5

Clostridium difficile treatments

Answer 5

• metronidazole (DNA synthesis inhibitor)
• vancomycin
• fecal transplants

Question 6

Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin

Answer 6

• lecithinase that lyses RBCs, platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells
• hemolysis, increased vascular permeability bleeding, tissue destruction, hepatic toxicity, myocardial dysfunction

Question 7

Clostridium perfringens beta toxin

Answer 7

• intestinal stasis
• loss of mucosa with formation of nectrotic lesions
• progression to necrotizing enteritis

Question 8

Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin

Answer 8

• protoxin activated by trypsin

* increases vascular permeability of gut wall

Question 9

Clostridium perfringens iota toxin

Answer 9

• necrotic activity

* increases vascular permeability

Question 10

Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin

Answer 10

• released during sporulation
• insertion into cell membrane by binding to receptors on brush border of ileum and jejunum leads to altered membrane permeability (loss of fluids and ions)
• acts as superantigen

Question 11

Clostridium perfringens clinical diseases

Answer 11

myonecrosis – death of muscle fibers– with gas gangrene – gas formation in soft tissue
—–gas gangrene from metabolic activity of rapidly dividing bacteria

Question 12

treatment of Clostridium perfringens?

Answer 12

high dose of penicillin therapy

Question 13

Clostridium tetani causes

Answer 13

lockjaw, sardonic smile (risus sardonicus)

Question 14

tetanolysin

Answer 14

oxygen labile hemolysin

Question 15

tetanospasmin

Answer 15

plasmid-encoded, heat labile neurotoxin

Question 16

A-B toxin in tetanospasmin from Clostridium tetani

Answer 16

o A = zinc endopeptidase (light unit)
—–enters cytoplasm, impairing release of inhibitory neurotransmitters glycine and GABA
o B = binds to sialic acid receptor of motor neurons (heavy unit)

Question 17

Clostridium tetani infection does not confer?

Answer 17

immunity