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2 and FINAL Microbiology Oral/Med > Final Must knows > Flashcards

Flashcards in Final Must knows Deck (32)
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1
Q

Mycoplasma

resistant to?
treated with?

A

o No cell wall, sterols
o Smallest free-living bacteria, fried egg shape
o Resistant to penicillin and vancomycin
o Treated with erythromycin! (and tetracyclines or clindamycin)

2
Q

Rickettsia

A

o Obligate intracellular G- rods
o HAVE cell wall
o Treat with doxycycline
o grow only in cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells (trigger phagocytosis and then degrade phagosome)

3
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever

A

Rickettsia
 No eschar, rash after 3 days and then evolves into spotted form
 Specific flourescin-labed antibodies to detect

4
Q

Campylobactor

A

o G-, spiral, can’t ferment carbs
o Polysaccharide capsule
o Lipoologosaccharide expression
o Guillain-Barr syndrome and reactive arthritis

5
Q

Campylobactor commonly causes?

A

LOS causes Gastroenteritis and septicemia

6
Q

Helicobacter

A

o G-, spiral, can’t ferment carbs
o Important species is H. pylori

o Cag-PAI indicesIL-8
o Cag 1- IL-1
o Cag pathogenicity islands

7
Q

Guillain-Barr syndrome

A

Campylobactor

8
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A
  • –Associated with gastric ulcers, gastric antrums, gastric B-cell lymphomas and gastric adenocarcinoma
  • –caused by cytotoxin-associated gene (cag) proteins
9
Q

Cell culture

A

detects presence of virus; limited cytopathologic effects

10
Q

Hemagglutination

A

–Presence of virus in secretions; RBCs binding to other RBCs

–Hemadsorption= presence of hemagglitinin protein on cell surface

11
Q

Hemadsorption

A

of erythrocytes to cells infected with influenza viruses via hemagglutinin on their surfaces, which binds to erythrocytes of selected animal species

12
Q

Cytopathic effects

A

In absence of antibody, the virus infects monolayer of cells causing a cytopathologic effect [CPE] or caused hemagglutination

13
Q

Hemagglutination inhibition

A

type and strain of influenzza virus or specificity of antibody

14
Q

Flu-like symptoms

A

Fever, chills, headaches, backaches

15
Q

Cytokine storm

causes what

A

Systemic symptoms caused by interferon and cytokine responses (cytokine storm)

 Immune mediators= antigen presenting cells, T cells, cytokines
 Ex: enveloped and other viruse

16
Q

respiratory transmissions

A

influenza viruses, rhinoviruses

17
Q

fecal/oral transmissions

A

picornaviruses, rotaviruses, noroviruses

18
Q

sexual contact/blood transmissions

A

 HIV
 Human cervical carcinoma
 Hepatitis B,C, G, D
 Epstain-Barr virus

19
Q

Zoonotic/arthropod transmissions

A
  • togaviridae

* flaviviridae

20
Q

what are the viruses that cause children exanthems?

A

1) Measleas- paramyxovirus measles virus
2) Rubella- Toga virus and Rubella virus
3) Chickenpox- Herpes virus called Varicella Zoster
4) Roseola- Herpes virus called Herpes 6, 7
5) Fifth disease- Parvovirus B19

21
Q

what virurses are grave concerns when pregnant?

A

1) Rubella virus- can replicate in placenta

2) Cytomegalovirus- herpes virus; most common viral cause of congenital defects; present in 15% of stillborn babies

22
Q

Viruses that cause the symptoms that are classic to the common cold

A

1) rhinovirus
- most common
2) common coronavirus
- 2nd most common

23
Q

what are serious forms of common coronavirus?

A
  • flu-like
  • Some are more serious that cause sudden ACUTE respiratory syndrome:
    1) SARS -CoV =china
    2) MERS -CoV =middle east
24
Q

HBV and HBD

A

o Hepatitis D can only infect people already infected with Hepatitis B
o HDV uses the HBV proteins to target the cells that it will infect

25
Q

piconarvirus genome

A

essentially an mRNA translated as one long polyprotein

o 5’ end

  • -Vpg -functions as primer for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase as it becomes uridylated
  • -IRES =Internal ribosome entry site on 5’ end allows for translation in a 5’ cap independent manner

o 3’ end
–polyA tail

26
Q

name of viral intracellular inclusions

A
o	Molluscum contagiosum 
o	Rabies Virus 
o	HSV-1 and HSV-2 
o	Cytomegalovirus 
o	Poxviruses
27
Q

Molluscum contagiosum

A

– Molluscum bodies in keratinocytes

viral intracellular inclusion

28
Q

Rabies Virus

A

– Negri bodies in certain nerve cells

viral intracellular inclusion

29
Q

HSV-1 and HSV-2

A

– Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion bodies

viral intracellular inclusion

30
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

– “owl’s eye” basophilic intranuclear inclusion body

viral intracellular inclusion

31
Q

Poxviruses

A

– Guarnieri bodies (virus assembly factory)

viral intracellular inclusion

32
Q

neuraminidase (oposed to hemmagglutinin)

A

– cleaves sialic acid and promotes virus release
• forms tetramer with enzymatic activity
• targeted by zanamivir (Relenza) and oseltamivir (Tamiflu)