MUST KNOW from review slide Flashcards
1
Q
gumma
A
granulomatous lesion caused by 3rd degree syphilis (caused by treponema pallidum)
2
Q
streptococcus mutans antigen 1/2
A
- cell wall protein associated with attachment to salivary pellicle
- vaccine candidate
- begins to form plaque
3
Q
salivary pellicle
A
thin layer of protein and glycoprotein at tooth surface
4
Q
S. mutans is in what category? (what else is there?)
A
viridans
*along with S. pnemonia
5
Q
S. pyrogenes is in what group?
A
A
6
Q
S. agalactiae is in what group?
A
B
7
Q
S. enterococci used to be in group?
Has what wall antigen?
A
D
*wall antigen called glycerol teichoic acid
8
Q
mycoplasma
A
no cell wall
9
Q
mycobacteria
A
mycolic acid in outer membrane
10
Q
isoniazid
A
vaccine used to treat mycobacterium TB
*always coupled with something else
11
Q
what is very sensitive to penicillin?
A
streptococcus pyogenes (group A) *penicillin used as vaccine for pharyngitis
12
Q
PCR
A
- go to for molecular biology
- nucleic acid is used to isolate other nucleic sequences (primers)
- heat stable Taq polymerase copies that segment of DNA
13
Q
light micro
A
work horse for gram stains
14
Q
dark feild micro
A
tool for Trponemas spiral shape
15
Q
immunofluresence micro
A
tool used to located area of infection (AA)
*same magnification
16
Q
scanning micro
A
shape, surface
17
Q
transmission micro
A
inside bacterial cell, cross section
18
Q
stretpccus mutans is G- or G+ ?
A
G+
19
Q
staph is G- or G+ ?
A
G+
20
Q
Porphyromas gingivalis is G- or G+ ?
A
G-
21
Q
enterobacteria is G- or G+ ?
A
G-
22
Q
Vibrio is G- or G+ ?
A
G-
23
Q
Neisseria is G- or G+ ?
A
G-
24
Q
streptococcus pneumonia is G- or G+ ?
A
G+
25
what two bacteria are diplococci?
Neisseria (G-) and streptococcus pneumonia (G+)
26
Neisseria is a potent endotoxin how?
has lipoologosaccharide
| *disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) *part of septicemia, life threatening
27
disseminated intravascular coagulation
- septicemia
| * Neisseria bacterium
28
elemental body
- first step for chlamydia trachnomatis
- phagocytized
- not a spore, acts like virus
29
reticular body
second step for chlamydia trachomatis
- replicated by binary fission
- acts like bacteria
30
Panton-Valentine
staphyloccal exotoxin
- creates pores
- phosphlipases= mess up membrane structure
31
phosphlipases
mess up membrane structure to hemolyse
32
alpha hemolysis
incomplete and GREEN, minor
| *viridans and S. pneumonia!!!!!!!!!!!!
33
beta hemolysis
complete
| *pyrenogens!!!!!!!!!
34
gamma hemolysis
no hemolysis
35
CAMP test
uses staph aureus to enhance the listeria hemolysis (bc listeria is weak)
36
vibrio cholerae virulence factor and 3 genes
locus of lysogeny
1) ace gene= increasing fluid secretion
2) zot gene= tightens junctions
3) cep gene= chemotaxis proteins
37
Seroconversion
occurs when antibody is produced in response to a primary infection
38
lysogeny
key virulence factor, phenotypic conversion to a different phenotype that can now produce virulence factor
39
O antigen serotype
repeat polysaccaride
| -enteroinvasive E. coli
40
H antigen serotype
flageelum
41
K antigen serotype
capsular (rare)
42
serotype B is associated with?
hemophilus influenzae
43
HIB vaccine
hemophilus influenzae pathogen is SEROTYPE B (always B)
| --encapsulated; capsular polysaccharide= major virulence factor
44
S. pnemonia varilence factor?
| what experiement?
aligate capsule
-vaccine also against capsule bc main virulence of S. pneumonia is the capsule, know that from old transformation experiement from Griffith
45
what are the oral cavity vaccines?
1) glucosyltransferase
| 2) streptococcus mutans antigen 1-2
46
glucosyltransferase
enzyme in slime layer that can act as a vaccine (doesn't allow plaue to form)
47
streptococcus mutan antigen 1-2
a preotin that binds to salivary pellicle and could act as a vaccine
48
oid means?
like something
49
pathogens that affect prenatal and neonatal?
1) streptococcus GROUP B agalactiae
2) Listeria
3) Neisseria gonoorhea
(Clostridium and Chlamedia)
50
what is #1 threat pre and neonatal?
agalactiae (strep GROUP B)
| -from baby passing vagina
51
Listeria as a prenatal and neonatal threat?
* prenatal= spontaneous abortions
| * neonatal= premature cell mediated immune system problems
52
penicillin G verses V antibiotic?
```
G= injection
V= oral
```
53
MRSA
methysiline resistant staph aureus
- use vancomysin to treat!!!!!!!
* staph more resistant to penicillin then strep
54
Staph aurea has what receptor?
TLR2
55
is staph or strep more resistant to penicillin?
staph
56
How is Staph aureas endotoxin like??
its peptidoglycan cell wall has endotoxin like effects
57
what bacteria acts as an anchor for supragingival plaque?
corynebacterium
58
what bacteria does buboes come from?
Yersinia
59
McKoney agar
G-
* selective and differential
* tells if gastrointestinal organisms causing diarrhea is a pathogen
* *Lactose - = pathogen
* *Lactose + = NONpathogen
60
EMB agar
eosin methylene blue
* selective and differential
* G-
* *selective= growth of G-
* *differential= E. coli colonies turn green (screen water systems)
61
blood agar
* whole blood cells
* ID streptococcus pyrogens that cuase strep throat
* differential, NOT selective
* alpha, beta, gamma
62
chocolate agar
* lysed RBCs
| * ID Neisseria meningitis
63
haemophilus influenzae is deadly how?
inflammation of epiglottus; swells and you can't breath
64
haemophilus influenzae needs what growth factors?
1) X = heme from lysed blood
| 2) V= NAD= vitamin
65
satellite colonies
wen staph aureus is added to a chocolate agar in order to lyse RBCs and give off growth factors V and X
*co-incubation
66
what are growth factors?
necissary AA or vitamins needed for auxotroph to grow
67
what is an auxotroph
a bacteria that requires growth factors
68
manitol salt agar
* selective and differential
* *staph epidermic grows RED
* *staph aureus grows and turns media around it YELLOW, food borne
* determines food poisoning
69
optochin test
inhibition of streptococcus pnemonia
70
bile test
dissolves streptococcus pnemonia
| *NO affect on enterococcus or strep pyrogens or staph aureus
71
oxidase test
differentiate between enterbacteria and vibrio but testing for the presence of oxidase
* *vibrio= makes oxidase
* *entero does NOT make oxidase
72
coagulase test
- -Staphylococcus aureus is coagulase positive - clumping factor proteins A and B
- -Staphylococcus epidermis is coagulase NEGATIVE
73
erysypalis
endogenous= human to human spread
| **steptococcal pyrogens= scarlet fever and toxic shock syndrome
74
erysypelothrix aka erysypiloid
animal to humans (farms)= zooanatic
75
mucoid colony is like?
slimey like a mucus
76
manistation of eysypalis?
red and blotchy skin
| *erythematous rash on SKIN
77
bacillus anthracis plasmids?
* *pX01= edema factor, lethal factor, protective agents
| * *pX02= synthesize polypeptide capsule
78
in Bacillus anthracis
PA + EF=
PA+ LF=
PA + EF=edema toxin
| PA+ LF=lethal toxin
79
tetanospasmin
clostridium tetani
| **heat labile, plasma encoded neurotoxin fround EVERYWHER
80
Salmonella pathogenicity islands?
```
1= salmonella secreted invasion of proeins and type 3 secretion
2= evasion of immune system and type 3 secretion
```
81
what is buboes
very enlarged lymph nodes (can be anywhere on body)
| -from Yersinia
82
signs of memingitus
stiff neck, photophobia, pain by pushing on forehead
83
Neisseria meningitus
water house syndrome (destroy adrenal glands)
84
whooping cough comes from what bacteria?
bordetella pertussis
85
what bacterium has pathogenicity islands?
salmonella
86
3 stages of whooping cough and what heppens during them
1) Catarrhal
- must bacteria
- resemble cold (fever, sore throat)
2) Paroxysmal
- classic coughing fit (can't breath)
- mucus produced but not cleared -life threatening
3) Canvalescent
- secondary complications occur
87
anything facultative intracellular MUST?
have T-cell mediated immunity with macrophages
88
If you decreased CD4 T-cell count, what would happen?
you are more susceptible to TB and leprocry amonst other diseases
89
granuloma formation is common with?
anything facultative intracellular (t-cell, macrophages)
90
gingipains
from porphyramonas gingivalis!!
| KEYSTONE pathogen of oral cavity
91
shwartzmann reaction
```
endotoxin effect (self reaction to lipooligosaccharide)
***meningetis= systemic infection - disseminated intravascular coagulase all over body to cuase shock/death
```
92
how is watery poo made?
increase CAMP by increasing adenocyclase activity
| -causes efflux of water and Cl ions from enterocyte into lumen
93
what causes bloody poo?
inflammation! breakdown of barriers allows for blood cells to enter intestines
94
clostridium difficile
causes bloody diasrrhea
* pseudomembranes colitis
* occurs AFTER or during antibiotic theropy for something else (oportunistic)
* fecel treatment/transplant
95
what are bacteria that cause watery diarrhea?
```
cholera
enteroinvasive E coli
enterotoxigenic E. coli
Salmonella
gastroenteritis
yersinia
```
96
what bacteria cause bloody diarrhea?
clostridium difficile
shigella
shiga toxin-producing E. coli
97
typhoid Mary
asymptomatic colonization of salmonella
| *salmonella phagocytized thru M cells in intestine
98
central dogma
1) exposure
2) adherence
3) invasion
4) infection
5) toxicity or invasiveness
6) tissue damage disease
99
what does dissemination mean?
invasion into
| *how the bacteria into host via circulation, lymph nodes, liver, spleen
100
septicemia is?
life threatening, systemic inflammatory response
101
encephalitis causes?
absess in brain, liver or lung
102
cysteine is a common?
growth factor
103
What are the bacteria associated with the "red complex"? What does this mean?
1) P. gingivalis
2) T. forsythia
3) T. denticola
* * chronic periodontitis
104
what are the acid fast bacteria?
1) Mycobacteria is KING
2) Nocardia is partially
3) corynebacterial is an imposter (NOT acid fast but has mycolid acid)
105
toxin vs toxoid
-----toxoid is an inactivated or attenuated toxin •A toxoid is no longer toxic! But is still immunogenic like the toxin from which it was derived (cause immune response)
-----toxin is a poison (cause illness or death) made by other organisms •a toxin is toxic
106
only species with group B antigen?
S. alalactiae is the ONLY species that has group B antigen and is recognized as a cause of puerperal sepsis (postpartum infections)
107
what are the facultative intracellular pathogens?
1)Mycobacteria is king
2) Listeria
3) Salmonella
(Brucella and Leginella)
108
Tannerella forsythia
Gram negative, obligatelyanaerobic microflora found in periodontal pockets
109
Treponema denticola
a spirochaete that is associated with periodontal diseases
110
what is the keystone pathogen for periodontal disease?
Porphyromonas gingivalis
111
Two species with spores
Bacillus and clostridium
