DHUBS1 - Wk8-10 extra questions

Question 1

what is the composition of the filtrate in the bowmans capsular space?

Answer 1

similiar to plasma, only no proteins

Question 2

why don’s plasma proteins pass into the bowmans capsular space under normal circumstance?

Answer 2

glomerular filtration membrane pores are too small

Question 3

what part of the nephron is involved with obligatory water, ion and organic nutirent reabsorbtion?

Answer 3

PCT

Question 4

an obstruction of a ureter by a kidney stone limits the flow of urine between which two points?

Answer 4

renal pelvis and urinary bladder

Question 5

what affect does renin have on the GFR?

Answer 5

it will increase the GFR and vasoconstrict the efferent arteriole

Question 6

Mr John Smith has been prescribed a drug to lower his BP that inhibits antigoensin-converting enzyme (ACE). what effect will that have on his body?

Answer 6

it will inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Question 7

the abiliity to consciously control the micronutration reflex depends on the ability to control which muscle?

Answer 7

external urethral sphincter

Question 8

the lungs are enclosed by?

Answer 8

pleura

Question 9

how many layers does the pleura have?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

what is the function of the pleura?

Answer 10

absorb friction as the lungs expand and contract

Question 11

the right lung has how many lobes?

Answer 11

3

Question 12

list the structures and passageways that carry air during inhalation during quiet breathing

Answer 12

nose
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchus
bronchioles
alveoli

Question 13

what term describes how oxygen and carbon dioxide more between the air, interstital fluid and cells?

Answer 13

simple diffusion

Question 14

is homeostatis is disturbed, what two mechanisms help restors this balance of O2 and CO2?

Answer 14

a) changes in alveolar blood flow (perfusion) and alveolar air flow (ventilation)
b) changes in the depth and rate of respiration

Question 15

list and briefly describe three ways that the respiratory system defends itself against pathogens and particles?

Answer 15

• Filter incoming air in upper respiratory system or nose or nasal cavity
• Mucus escalator which involves ciliated (columnar) epithelial cells moving
  mucus towards the pharynx
• Alveolar macrophages engulf particles and pathogens that reach the alveoli

Question 16

name one specific cell that plays a key role in defending the respiratory system and how it does this:

Answer 16

goblet or mucous cell - produces mucus that traps particles

Question 17

lymph nodes are involved in immunity. on physcial examination, what characteristics would be apparent in a viral infection?

Answer 17

tender
mobile
soft

Question 18

which cell is needed to activate B lymphocytes?

Answer 18

helper T cells

Question 19

the antigen-binding sites are found in the… of the antibody.

Answer 19

variable segments

Question 20

what is lymphedema?

Answer 20

can develop when the lymphatic system is not able to transport the required amount of liquid whih can occur in a pateint with venous sufficiency

Question 21

what is phagocytosis and phagocyte?

Answer 21

phagocytosis: ‘cell-eating’ or engulfing debris or froegn material
phagocyte: a cell that perfroms phagocytosis

Question 22

what are two physical barriers that contribute to the body defence?

Answer 22

skin
mucous membrane

Question 23

describe two internal non-specific innate defences

Answer 23

inflammation: creates redness, heat, pain and swelling
phagoccytes: remove cellular debris and foreign matter by engulfing it

Question 24

what are 4 cell types that t cells differentiate into?

Answer 24

cytotoxic T cells
helper T cells
regulatory/suppressor T cells
memory T cells