respiratory system and gas exchange Flashcards
(21 cards)
fucntion of the respiratory system
- Gas exchange between air and blood
Pulmonary ventilation
Gas diffusion
Transport of gases in the blood - Immune defence
- Sound production for communication
- Facilitation of odour detection (olfactory sense)
what are the two sections of the respiraotry system
Upper respiratory tract:
nasal cavity
paranasal sinuses
pharynx
subpharyngeal portion of larynx
Lower respiratory tract:
infra laryngeal portion of larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
lungs
alveoli
functions of the upper respiratory system
Filtration
Warming of air
Humidification of incoming air to protect surfaces of lower respiratory compartment
Reabsorption of heat and water form outgoing air
functions of the lower respiratory system
Sound production (larynx)
Preventing food form entering the trachea (larynx)
Air movement (trachea, bronchus, bronchioles)
Gas exchange (alveoli)
respiratory cells - pneumocytes
Type I pneumocyte
Simple squamous epithelial cells
Gas diffusion
Type II pneumocyte
Secretes surfactant
respiratory cells - epithelial
Line exposed surfaces of the respiratory system
Pseufostratified ciliated columnar epithelial
Mucus (goblet) cells
Stratified squamous epithelial
what is defecne of respiratory system
Respiratory tract susceptible to damage as in contact with environment
Particles and pathogens in inhaled air can damage the gas exchange surfaces in the alveoli : what are the 3 defences
Filter incoming air
Mucous escalator
Alveolar macrophages
what is gas exchange
Exchange of gases between air and blood
The biological process where oxygen is taken into the body and carbon dioxide is released.
what is respiration
Pulmonary ventilation (breathing): physical movment of air into and out of the respiratory tract
what are two types of respiration
External respiration: all processes involved in exchanging O2 and CO2 with the interstitial fluids and external environment
Internal respiration: (cellular respiration), involves the uptake of O2 and production of CO2 within individual cells
what are the steps of gas exchange and trasnport
- Oxygen enters the blood at alveolar-capillary interface
- Oxygen is transported in blood, dissolved in plasma or bound to haemoglobin inside RBCs
- Oxygen diffuses
- CO2 diffuses out of cells
- CO2 is transported dissolved bound to haemoglobin or as HCO3-
- CO2 enters alveoli at alveolar capillary interface
external respiration
At the lungs, diffusion of:
- O2 from alveoli to blood
- CO2 from blood to alveoli
At tissues, diffusion of:
- O2 from blood to tissues
- CO2 from tissues to blood
what is the respiratory rate
number of breaths per minute
what is the tidal volume
Amount of air you move into or out of your lungs during a single respiratory cycle
what is the total lung capacity
total volume of your lungs
what is gas diffussion
Movement of O2 and CO2 between air and the bloodstream, across the blood air barrier in alveoli
Occurs via diffusion
transport of gases in the blood - two
O2 transportation
- Primarily bound to haemoglobin
CO2 transportation
- As bicarbonate ions
- Bound to haemoglobin in red blood cells
- Dissolved in plasma
what is the sound production for communication
Under voluntary control
Involves:
- Larynx: cartilaginous tube that surrounds glottis
- Glottis: narrow opening (“voice box”)
what is the facilitation of odour detection
Nasal conchae create circular air currents that bring olfactory stimuli up to the olfactory receptors.
two types of gas exchange
Internal respiration: exchange of O2 and CO2 between interstitial fluid and cells
- O2 moves from interstitial fluid -> cells
- CO2 moves from cells -> interstitial fluid
Cellular respiration
- Consumption of O2 by mitochondria and subsequent generation of CO2
