Diabetes

Question 1

Glucose

Answer 1

Most abundant
Also known as dextrose
Usually linked with other monosacc

Question 2

Fructose

Answer 2

Found in fruit, veg, high fructose corn syrup

Question 3

HFCS

Answer 3

High Fructose Corn Syrup
Cheaper and sweeter than glucose

Question 4

Galactose

Answer 4

Glucose Linked with lactose in the body

Question 5

Pentose

Answer 5

Part of RNA and DNA
5 carbon sugars

Question 6

Maltose

Answer 6

2 glucose linked together
Marketed alcoholic beverages
Forms in sm intestine from breakdown of long chain fatty acids

Question 7

Sucrose

Answer 7

Fructose and glucose together
Commonly used in most food products

Question 8

Disaccharides

Answer 8

2 monos joined together in a condensation reaction to produce 1 h2o molecule

Question 9

Total fibre

Answer 9

Dietary + functional

Question 10

Dietary fibre

Answer 10

From food sources
Derived from plant sources
Broken down by colonic bacteria to produce short chain fatty acids and gases

Question 11

Functional fibre

Answer 11

Added to food

Question 12

Glycaemic Index

Answer 12

A rating system for foods containing carbohydrates

Question 13

Glycaemic Load

Answer 13

Accounts for GI and amount of carbs consumed

Question 14

Consequences of high insulin

Answer 14

Rapid return of hunger
Fatty liver
Deposits in adipose tissue
Increased triglycerides

Question 15

Functions of Carbs

Answer 15

Providing energy
Sparing protein from metabolism
Preventing ketosis

Question 16

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 16

Synthesis of glucose from amino acids

Question 17

Ketoacidosis

Answer 17

Excessive ketone production due to carb intake of below 50-100g per day

Question 18

Hyperglycaemia

Answer 18

Above 126mg/dL
High BG

Question 19

Hypoglycaemia

Answer 19

Low BG
below 50mg/dL

Question 20

Liver function in diabetes management

Answer 20

Regulates amount of glucose released in blood and amount stored as glycogen

Question 21

Pancreas and Adrenal Glands

Answer 21

Regulate blood glucose through release of hormones

Question 22

Adrenaline and norepinephrine

Answer 22

Trigger breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Question 23

Insulin

Answer 23

Promotes uptake of glucose and storage of glycogen

Question 24

Glucagon

Answer 24

Promotes breakdown of glycogen to increase blood glucose

Question 25

Metabolic syndrome symptoms

Answer 25

Central obesity
Atherogenic dyslipidemia
Raised BP

Question 26

Diabetes

Answer 26

A metabolic disorder with inappropriate hyperglycaemia due to either insulin resistance or a combo of this and inadequate insulin secretion

Question 27

Insulin resistance

Answer 27

A state in which a given concentration of insulin produces a less than biologically expected effect