Diabetes Flashcards
Glucose
Most abundant
Also known as dextrose
Usually linked with other monosacc
Fructose
Found in fruit, veg, high fructose corn syrup
HFCS
High Fructose Corn Syrup
Cheaper and sweeter than glucose
Galactose
Glucose Linked with lactose in the body
Pentose
Part of RNA and DNA
5 carbon sugars
Maltose
2 glucose linked together
Marketed alcoholic beverages
Forms in sm intestine from breakdown of long chain fatty acids
Sucrose
Fructose and glucose together
Commonly used in most food products
Disaccharides
2 monos joined together in a condensation reaction to produce 1 h2o molecule
Total fibre
Dietary + functional
Dietary fibre
From food sources
Derived from plant sources
Broken down by colonic bacteria to produce short chain fatty acids and gases
Functional fibre
Added to food
Glycaemic Index
A rating system for foods containing carbohydrates
Glycaemic Load
Accounts for GI and amount of carbs consumed
Consequences of high insulin
Rapid return of hunger
Fatty liver
Deposits in adipose tissue
Increased triglycerides
Functions of Carbs
Providing energy
Sparing protein from metabolism
Preventing ketosis
Gluconeogenesis
Synthesis of glucose from amino acids
Ketoacidosis
Excessive ketone production due to carb intake of below 50-100g per day
Hyperglycaemia
Above 126mg/dL
High BG
Hypoglycaemia
Low BG
below 50mg/dL
Liver function in diabetes management
Regulates amount of glucose released in blood and amount stored as glycogen
Pancreas and Adrenal Glands
Regulate blood glucose through release of hormones
Adrenaline and norepinephrine
Trigger breakdown of glycogen to glucose
Insulin
Promotes uptake of glucose and storage of glycogen
Glucagon
Promotes breakdown of glycogen to increase blood glucose
