Diabetes

Question 1

DM type 1

Answer 1

lack of insulin
- juvenile onset
- ketone prone `

Question 2

DM type 2

Answer 2

insulin resistant
adult onset
- not ketosis prone

Question 3

treatment for type 1

Answer 3

DIE
diet
insulin *
exercise

Question 4

treatment for type 2

Answer 4

diet *
oral hypoglycemic
activity

Question 5

diet for type 2 diabetes

Answer 5

calorie restriction
1,200, 1,400, 1,600

small frequent meals- keeps bs more stable

Question 6

SIADH

Answer 6

soaked inside= lack of antidiuretic hormone

• oliguria, no thirst
• decreased uo
• low osmoality
• high gravity
  slightly elevated bp normal

Question 7

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 7

dry inside
basically dm without glucose element

-polyuria
- polydipsia
-decreased serum gravity
high osmolality
low gravity
1.005-1.030

Question 8

Regular insulin

Answer 8

Rapid run in the IV
clear solution
onset :1
peak: 2
duration:4
(1,2,4)

Question 9

NPH

Answer 9

Not so fast or in the bag
cloudy solution can’t go in bag= precipitates and overdose

onset: 6
peak: 8-10
duration: 12
(6, 8-10-12) most tested

Question 10

NPH

Answer 10

Not so fast or in the bag
cloudy solution can’t go in bag= precipitates and overdose

onset: 6
peak: 8-10
duration: 12
(6, 8-10-12) most tested

Question 11

Lispro

Answer 11

fastest acting insulin
*don’t give before meals give with
onset: 15 min
peak: 30 min
duration: 3hours
(15,30,3)

Question 12

Glargine

Answer 12

long acting insulin
no peak
duration 12-24 hrs
only one you can give at hs
little hypoglycemia risk

Question 13

Manufacturer date rules for insulin

Answer 13

Always check before giving
*once opened, the new expiration date is 30 after
- opened insulin refrigerator optional
- unopened must be refrigerated

Question 14

how do exercise impact insulin use

Answer 14

acts like another shot insulin

insulin should be reduced for exercise

Question 15

how does being sick impact insulin use

Answer 15

serum glucose goes up
need insulin even if not eating
make sure they drink water = dehydration easily

Question 16

What two problems does any diabetic pt have

Answer 16

dehydration and hyperglycemia

Question 17

S/s of hypoglycemia

Answer 17

drunk/ shock
- staggering gait
- slurred speech
- labile emotions
- slow reaction time

shock
- tachycardia
- cool clammy skin
- mottled skin

Question 18

How to treat hypoglycemia

Answer 18

give pt sugars or carbs
*boards want sugar and starch or protein
apple juice and turkey
1/2 cup of skim milk not full fat because of ketones

Question 19

where to give glucose in an uncoils patient

Question 20

DKA

Answer 20

high glucose in a type 1
type two doesn’t produce ketones

Question 21

DKA causes

Answer 21

1 acute upper resp infect within last two weeks *

stress raises glucose, fat is burned as fuel

too much food, not enough exercise or insulin

Question 22

DKA s/s

Answer 22

dehydration- dry, poor skin turgor, warm skin- water is a coolant
ketones- high K, kussmaul resp
acidosi- acetone breathe, anorexia from nausea

Question 23

Treatment for DKA

Answer 23

Regular Insulin IV (only one you can run IV)
IV fluid (200ml/hr) fast

not d10 or d50- cause hyperglycemia

Question 24

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHNK, HHS, or HHNS)

Answer 24

high blood sugar in type 2 diabetes
Severe fvd
intervention: rehydration
dry, flushed skin, decreased turgor, increased hr

Question 25

long term complication of diabetes

Answer 25

poor perfusion
peripheral neuropathy

Question 26

Lispro

Answer 26

fastest acting insulin
*don’t give before meals give with
onset: 15 min
peak: 30 min
duration: 3hours
(15,30,3)

Question 26

HB A1C

Answer 26

average blood sugar over 90 days

6 and lower good
7 borderline
8 and up is bad