Meds Flashcards
(47 cards)
Rifampin
TB med- take for 6-12 months
-causes red orange body fluids
- teach to wear glasses instead of contacts die to discoloration of tears
INH
TB med- take for 6-12 months
- patient must take B6 (Pyridoxine) to prevent peripheral neuropathy causes numbness, tingling, and ataxia (in ability to walk)
Ethambutol
TB- take for 6-12 months
- aka eyethambutol because pt have blurred vision and color changes
- require frequent eye exams
8 drugs pregnant patients must avoid
- Anything radioactive
- Methotrexate - cancer drug and for ectopic pregnancy
- ACE inhibitors- end in -prils
- ARBs- end in -sartan
- Tetracycline antidepressants (imipramine, amitriptyline, nortripytiline, trazodone)
- Sulfa drugs
- Misoprostol- miscarriage
- Isotretinoin-
Drugs not to be taken with other meds that block absorption
- Iron- ironman fights off other meds
- antacid- antimix ( sodium bicarb, calcium carbonate, and mag hydroxide)
Lithium toxicity level and s/s
toxic level over 2
s/s: severe diarrhea, metallic taste, tremors, extreme thirst, vomiting, urination
Digoxin toxicity and s/s
toxic over 2
s/s: dizziness, vision changes
Phenytoin
toxic over 20
s/s: ataxia (inability to walk) boards will say unsteady gait, hand tremors, slurred speech
Theophylline
toxic over 20
s/s: tonic clonic seizure
ACE inhibitors and s/e
Lower bp end in -pril
s/e: avoid pregnant pt
- angioedema
- adds k+ (over 5.0)
-cough
-avoid potassium rich foods (green leafy veggies, melons, oranges)
ARB’s
end in -sartan
lower bp
-avoid pregnant pt
-add K+ (over 5.0)
–avoid potassium rich foods (green leafy veggies, melons, oranges)
Beta Blockers and s/e
lower hr and bp (check before giving)
- bradycardia
- bronchospasm (don’t give to COPD and asthma patients)
- Bad for end stage or worsening hf
Calcium channel blockers
nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil, diltiazem
- lower hr and bp
- big drops in bp bad
Digoxin use and s/e
drops hr by causing deep contraction
s/e: dizziness, vision changes, n/v/, anorexia
- assess apical pulse for 1 min before giving
- low k+ increases the risk for dig toxicity (pt on k wasting diuretics- furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, renal failure or elderly
- hold for creatine over 1.3
Isosorbide
Vasodilator used for chest pain
Furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide
use, foods to eat and avoid
diuretics that waste potassium
-given as first choice drug for worsening heart failure
-teach to eat potassium rich foods (melons, citrus, bananas, leafy greens, avocados, use salt substitute)
-avoid licorice lowers k
Bumetanide
wastes potassium
anything ending in -ide wastes k
- when giving any kind of diuretic monitor bp, bun and creatinine and potassium before giving
Spironolactone
spares k
-avoid leafy greens and other potassium rich foods, no salt substitute
Safety tips for diuretics
-give in the morning to avoid falls at night
- monitor bp, bun and creatinine and potassium before giving
Nitro safety tips
- HA is normal, not normal in hypertensive crisis due to bursting vessels
- stop nitro when bp below 100 or drops 30 or more points
Warfarin
- long term use, PO only
- normal INR range is 2-3
- for mechanical heart valves 2.5-3.5
- requires frequent testing for therapeutic range
- no blood thinner for active bleed, use stool softeners, no acetaminophen overdose
- Can’t be used during pregnancy
What do to if warfarin is too high
- Hold med
- Assess for bleeding
- Notify HCP
- Provide antidote- vitamin K
Heparin
- short term use (only use for 3 weeks), fast acting, IV and SubQ
- normal range pt 46-70 sec
– no blood thinner for active bleed, use stool softeners, no acetaminophen overdose - antidote: protamine sulfate
- can be used during pregnancy
TPA, Streptokinase, and Alteplase
thrombolytics that must be given within 3-4.5hours of onset of symptoms
- does not impact menstrual bleeding
- no new injections or ABG’s, active or previous bleed (surgery, stroke)
