Peds Flashcards

Question

2 years

Answer 1

walk on own independently, know first and last name, form 2-3 word sentences, potty trained

Answer 2

walk on own independently, know first and last name, form 2-3 word sentences, potty trained

Answer 3

draw a shape with 4 sides , skip on 1 foot, catch a ball

Answer 4

begin solid food one at a time and 1 food per week

Answer 5

anterior- closes 12-18 months posterior- 2-3 months bulging at rest means infection or increased ice

Answer 6

rooting reflex and tonic neck reflex

Answer 7

walk up and down stops, throw a ball, turn pages, build tower with 4 blocks, scribble, ten words, follow commands

Answer 8

yellow brown

Answer 9

walk on own independently, know first and last name, form 2-3 word sentences, potty trained

Answer 10

Use pincher grasp, learn how to speak, birth weight triples at 12 months, take steps while holding hand, build blocks, turn pages, 3-5 words

Answer 11

bowel within a bowel s/s: currant jelly stools (bloody) sausage shaped abdominal mass n/v green emesis treatment: enema to attempt to push intestine

Answer 12

caused by HIB s/s: fever, cherry red epiglottis, drooling, dysphagia, tripod, stridor, no cough, dysphonia treatment: IV antibiotics Oxygen intubate and mechanical vent

Answer 13

absence of enteric neurons= no peristalsis stool builds up and becomes a megacolon s/s: delayed passage of meconium ribbon like stool swollen belly, vomit withe green/brown substance constipation, gas treat: surgery

Answer 14

hypertrophy of the pylorus, causing narrowed lumen s/s: olive shaped mass, projectile non- bilious emesis treat: dehydration, malnutrition, pyloromyotomy

Answer 15

Congenital abnormality where the abdominal contents protrude through the umbilicus while remaining in the peritoneal sac. ● Occurs during weeks 9-10 of gestation. complication: dehydration, sepsis, hypothermia treatment: Keep exposed intestines moist ● Cover with sterile gauze soaked in saline ● IV fluids ● IV antibiotics ● Thermoregulation

Answer 16

Increased accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid ● Increases ICP treat: VP shunt- drains out as urine or EVD

Answer 17

○ Failure of the vertebrae to close with protrusion of neural tube contents ○ Meningocele (closed spina bifida) ■ Protrusion of spinal fluid–filled meninges through a vertebral defect ○ Myelomeningocele (open spina bifida) ■ Protrusion of spinal fluid–filled meninges AND the spinal cord through a vertebral defect S/s: tuft of hair or sacral dimple, Paralysis possible ○ More likely the higher the defect is located on the spine ● Developmental delay ● Speech delay ● Intellectual disability ● Impaired coordination ● Pre-op ○ Cover the sac with a moist, warm, sterile dressing ○ No diapering if defect is low- keep the sac clean with a protective barrier ○ Prophylactic antibiotics ○ Prone positioning ● Post-op ○ Remain prone until surgical site is healed

Answer 18

Head circumference is smaller than normal ○ Brain did not develop properly or stopped growing.

Answer 19

Head circumference is smaller than normal ○ Brain did not develop properly or stopped growing. cause: Genetic abnormalities ○ Drug or alcohol use during pregnancy ○ Virus during pregnancy Impaired cognitive development ● Delayed motor function ● Delayed speech development ● Facial distortion ● Dwarfism ● Hyperactivity ● Seizures

Answer 20

Surgically corrected ○ Cleft lip first at 3-6 months of age ○ Cleft palate second at 6-24 months of age ● Pre-operative care ○ Monitor for aspiration ○ Assess airway patency frequently ● Post-operative care ○ Positioning: ■ Position upright for feedings ■ Cleft palate - can be prone post op to help drain secretions ■ Cleft lip should NOT be prone as this could disturb the suture line ○ Protect suture line ○ Elbow restraints to avoid toddler putting things in the mouth that would compromise the sutures ○ No hard foods, straws, pacifiers, etc. ○ No oral or nasal suctioning Specialized bottle to facilitate a good suction/latch ● Small, frequent feedings ● Upright position ● Burp frequently - will swallow a lot of air ● May take longer to feed than other children ● Monitor for aspiration

Answer 21

The sickled cells are not able to carry oxygen like they should ○ Decreased perfusion ● Due to their shape, they can get caught in vessels and cause obstruction

Answer 22

The decreased blood flow to the tissues leads to hypoxia, ischemia, and infarction. ● There is severe joint pain ● Sequestration ○ Blood pools ○ Often in the spleen ○ Splenomegaly and tenderness ● Acute exacerbation can be caused by hypoxia, exercise, high altitude (due to low oxygen), and fever. treatment: IV Fluids ○ This helps dilute the blood so that the sickled cells are not so concentrated ○ Provides hydration ● Blood transfusion ○ Provides normal RBCs ○ Helps optimize oxygenation and better perfusion ● Oxygen ○ Increase oxygen to the tissues if the client is hypoxic ● Medications ○ Pain management - Analgesics often necessary ○ Hydroxyurea ■ Increases production of fetal hemoglobin to reduce crises

Answer 23

Strawberry tongue - red and swollen ● Rash ● Bilateral conjunctivitis ● Red cracked lips/mucous membranes ● Red, swollen hands and feet ● Lymphadenopathy ● Arthralgia ● High fever ● Abdominal pain/Diarrhea/Vomiting ●Innflammation!! Elevated: ○ CRP ○ ESR ○ WBC: treatment:Aspirin ○ Reduces the fever, swelling, pain and rash ○ Prevents blood clots ● IVIG

Answer 24

Acute encephalopathy following viral illness ● Diagnosed by liver biopsy ● Characterized by cerebral edema and fatty changes in liver ● Most commonly follows influenza or varicella ● Associated with aspirin use in pediatrics during viral illness! s/s: Viral illness ● Nausea, vomiting ● Fever ● Signs of liver dysfunction: lethargy, jaundice ● High ammonia levels in blood ● Altered mental status treatment: ● Monitor neuro status and signs of increased ICP!! ● Monitor liver function ● Monitor I&O ● Monitor for impaired coagulopathy ● Rest and low stimulation ** Acetaminophen and ibuprofen are the medications of choice for fever in viral illness due to risk of Reye Syndrome!**

Answer 25

An abnormality in the development of the femoral head, acetabulum, or both. ● Causes the femur to become displaced from the hip. ● Can occur in one or both hips ● Catching it early is key to treatment! Infant ○ Ortolani & Barlow Tests ● Toddler ○ Limb length inequality (legs with different lengths) ○ Abnormal walking or gait Brace ○ Pavlik harness ● Cast ○ Spica body bast ● Surgery ○ Usually followed by a cast!

Answer 26

Contagious bacterial disease ● Cause ○ Staphylococcus aureus ● Toxins from this bacteria produce a weeping lesion with a ‘honey colored crust” ● Treatment ○ Topical antibiotics ○ Oral antibiotics

Answer 27

Visible meconium in fluid/on infant ● Discolored or foul smelling amniotic fluid ● Discoloration of the cord ● Discoloration of the nails/tonge on the infant treat: Suction immediately after birth - before they take their first breath. ● Intubation ● IV antibiotics ● IV fluids

Answer 28

viral respiratory tract illness ○ Results in inflammation and edema of the larynx and/or trachea s/s: Hoarse, “bark-like” (or seal-like) cough ● Stridor ● Chest wall retractions ● Runny nose, fever ● Symptoms often worsen at night treat: ● Corticosteroids ● Epinephrine via nebulizer ○ “Racemic epi” ● Keep patient calm and decrease anxiety levels ○ Agitation can lead to respiratory distress

Answer 29

Respiratory ○ Excessive mucus ○ Frequent respiratory infections ○ Hypoxemia ■ Clubbing ■ Cyanosis ■ Barrel chest ● Gastrointestinal ○ Intestinal obstruction ○ Meconium ileus ○ Large, bulky, frothy, foul smelling stool ○ Fat soluble vitamin deficiency ■ ADEK ■ Malnutrition elevated chloride in sweat

Peds Flashcards

(55 cards)