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Assessment & Diagnosis Final > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Is smoking a risk factor for diabetes?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Is DKA more common in type I or type II DM?

A

Type I

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3
Q

Is HHS more common in type I or type II DM?

A

Type II

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4
Q

What is the patho of type I?

A

B cell destruction leading to absolute insulin deficiency

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5
Q

What is patho of type II?

A

Insulin resistance

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6
Q

A1c above what is diagnostic for diabetes?

A

6.5% or above

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7
Q

Fasting FSBG above what is diagnostic for diabetes?

A

Above 126

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8
Q

Random FSBG above what is diagnostic for diabates?

A

Above 200

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9
Q

Prediabetes is what A1c?

A

5.7-6.4

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10
Q

Fasting FSBG of what indicates prediabetes?

A

100-124

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11
Q

FSBG above what at 2 hours postprandial is diagnostic for diabetes?

A

Above 200

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12
Q

A1c can be falsely high in what pt?

A

Anemic pts

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13
Q

What is average age of onset of DMII?

A

Above age 40

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14
Q

Blood sugar tends to be higher on presentation in DMI or II?

A

DMI

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15
Q

DMII patients typically gain or lose weight?

A

Gain

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16
Q

DMI or DMII can present asymptomatic?

A

DMII

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17
Q

How does diabetes cause dehydration?

A

Osmotic diuresis

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18
Q

Diabetes can cause what kind of shock?

A

Hypovolemic shock

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19
Q

Blood pressure should be maintained below what in outpt DM?

A

Below 130/80

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20
Q

What is A1c goal in DM overall?

A

Below 7%

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21
Q

What is A1c goal in younger, healthier pts?

A

6-6.5

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22
Q

How is blood sugar generally controlled inpatient?

A

With insulin, not oral agents

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23
Q

What is the A1c goal for older pts?

A

7.5-8

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24
Q

What three things should blood sugar control be based on?

A

Basal needs, prandial (nutritional) needs, correctional needs (for elevated BS)

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25
What are the three main types of insulin?
Long acting, regular and fast acting
26
Does insulin differ in how much or how rapidly it reduces BS?
How fast (they all reduce BS by the same amount if given in the same dose)
27
When should you check BS when giving insulin?
Before pt eats
28
ICU critically ill pt should have BS between what?
140-180
29
What is non ICU target BS?
140-180
30
Does a DMI pt always need basal insulin?
Yes
31
Should NPO pt get basal insulin?
Yes
32
Should NPO pt get nutritional insulin?
No
33
Should diabetic pts get oral agents while in the hospital?
No
34
If pt diet controlled at home, what kind of insulin should you write for?
Correctional insulin
35
Should a pt who is diet controlled at home be started on basal insulin?
No, unless their BS is not controlled with correctional insulin
36
If you are on an insulin drip should you also be on dextrose?
Yes
37
Should a pt be NPO while on an insulin drip?
Yes
38
Does a type I diabetic always need basal insulin?
Yes
39
What is a normal a1C?
Less than 5.7%
40
What happens to volume status in DM?
You can have osmotic diuresis which leads to dehydration/shock
41
Can you ever have a Type I diabetic not on insulin?
No
42
Can Type I diabetic have insulin held if they are NPO?
No
43
Is insulin or oral agents safer while hospitalized?
Insulin is safer
44
What three types of insulin should an inpatient be on?
Basal, nutritional, correctional
45
How long before a meal is aspart given?
10 mins
46
How long before a meal is regular insulin givem?
30 mins
47
At what time of day is NPH given?
Morning and night
48
How often is glargine given?
Once daily
49
Should NPH or glargine be given timed with meals?
No
50
Should sliding scale ever be used alone?
No
51
When starting a pt on insulin what type should you add first?
Correctional insulin
52
Should Type I diabetic always have basal insulin?
Yes
53
Does basal dose of insulin take into account how much a pt is eating?
No
54
Basal insulin accounts for what % of daily insulin requirement?
50%
55
What is the nutritional dose of insulin based on?
Amount of carbs patient is eating
56
If a pt is diet controlled at home, what type of insulin do you start with and based on what?
Correctional insulin based on BMI
57
If pt is diet controlled at home and on correctional insulin already but has pre-meal FSBG of above 150, what do you add and what do you base this on?
Nutritional insulin based on carb counting
58
If pt is diet controlled at home and on correctional insulin in hospital but has random FSBG above 150, what should you do?
Add basal insulin at 0.1 units/kg
59
If pt is on basal dose of insulin at home and well-controlled, what percent should you decrease by when they are hospitalized?
70-80%
60
A pt on insulin at home should have nutritional insulin (aspart) based on what?
Carb counting or appetite
61
What should you do with NPH basal insulin if pt NPO?
Give 1/2 dose
62
What should you do with basal lantus or glargine if pt NPO?
Can give full dose
63
Should nutritional insulin be given if pt is NPO?
No
64
How often and when to give correctional insulin if ptt NPO?
Q4 hours if BG > 150
65
If you have a pt on an insulin drip, do they always need a source of dextrose?
Yes
66
If dextrose is interrupted during insulin drip, how often should you check BS?
Q 30 mins
67
Can a pt on an insulin drip eat?
No
68
BS less than what in the hospital is considered hypoglycemic?
70
69
If pt is hypoglycemic and NPO what should you do?
Give D50
70
If pt is hypoglycemic and able to swallow/alert what should you do?
Give 15-20 grams of carbs

Assessment & Diagnosis Final (6 decks)

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