Diabetes Emergencies Flashcards Preview

Y2 Endocrine > Diabetes Emergencies > Flashcards

Flashcards in Diabetes Emergencies Deck (16)
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1
Q

when does DKA occur?

A

when there is insulin deficiency

2
Q

what ketone level is present in DKA?

A

over 3 mmol/L

3
Q

what blood glucose is seen in DKA?

A

> 11 mmol/L

4
Q

what bicarbonate is seen in DKA?

A

< 15 mmol/L

OR a venous pH <7.3

5
Q

what are the possible causes of mortality in adults with DKA?

A

hypokalaemia
aspiration pneumonia
ARDS

6
Q

what is the possible cause of mortality in children with DKA?

A

cerebral oedema

7
Q

what are the two groups of precipitants of DKA?

A

insulin deficiency

increased insulin demand

8
Q

what five things can increase insulin demand?

A
infection
inflammation 
intoxication
infarction
iatrogenic
9
Q

name six clinical signs of DKA

A
thirst
polyuria
dehydration
flushed 
vomiting 
abdominal pain
10
Q

what is the breathlessness in DKA called?

A

kussmaul’s respiration

11
Q

what are two conditions associated with DKA?

A

sepsis

gastroenteritis

12
Q

where should patients with DKA be managed?

A

HDU

13
Q

what is HHS?

A

hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome

14
Q

what biochemistry is seen in HHS?

A

hypovolaemia
hyperglycaemia
high bicarbonate
raised osmolality

15
Q

what diseases are associated with HHS?

A

cardiovascular disease

sepsis

16
Q

what medications are associated with HHS?

A

steroids

thiazide diuretics