Diabetes- Exam 3

Question 1

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 1

The conversion of protein in to glucose. This process increases blood glucose levels and prevents hypoglycemia during fasting.

Question 2

Glycogenolysis

Answer 2

The break down of stored glycogen in th liver and skeletal muscle and conversion to glucose. It is the main process that prevents hypoglycemia during fasting.

Question 3

Glycogenesis

Answer 3

The conversion by the liver of excess circulating glucose into glycogen. This process reduces blood glucose levels and does not directly prevent hypoglycemia.

Question 4

Ketogenesis

Answer 4

The breakdown of fats (lipids) into ketone bodies that can be used for fuel by some cells. It does not raise blood glucose levels and does not directly prevent hypoglycemia.

Question 5

Lipogenesis

Answer 5

The conversion of glucose (and other substances) into fats, usually as free fatty acids. This process does not prevent hypoglycemia during fasting.

Question 6

What is the range that indicates pre diabetes on an A1C test?

Answer 6

5.7%-6.44%

Question 7

What is a normal range in an A1C test?

Answer 7

4%-5.7%

Question 8

What is % indicates diabetes on an A1C test?

Answer 8

> or equal to 6.5%

Question 9

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Answer 9

Severe acute complication of diabetes characterized by uncontrolled hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketone production

Question 10

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Answer 10

Progressive deterioration of nerve function with the loss of sensory perception.

Question 11

Gastroparesis

Answer 11

A delay in gastric emptying

Question 12

Hyperglycemia

Answer 12

Higher-than normal (or target) blood glucose

Question 13

Hyperglycemia-hyperosmolar

Answer 13

Severe acute hyperosmolar state caused by dehydration and hyperglycemia

Question 14

Hypoglycemia

Answer 14

Lower-than normal (or target) blood glucose

Question 15

Ketogenesis

Answer 15

Conversion of fats to acid products

Question 16

Ketone bodies

Answer 16

Acidic byproduct formed when there is a lack of insulin and fatty acids are used for energy.

Question 17

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Answer 17

Growth of new fragile retinal blood vessels that bleed easily adn obscure vision

Question 18

Proteolysis

Answer 18

Breakdown of body protiens.

Question 19

Metformin

Answer 19

Teach patients to avoid alcohol while taking this drug

Question 20

Semaglutide

Answer 20

This drug should be injected weekly rather than daily

Question 21

Dapagliflozin

Answer 21

Teach patients the symptoms of dehydration, hyponatremia, and urinary tract and yeast infections.

Question 22

Algoliptin

Answer 22

Teach patients to report persistent abdominal pain and nauseas associated with pancreatitis

Question 23

Glipizide

Answer 23

Teach patients to take this drug right before or during a meal to prevent hypoglycemia.

Question 24

Pioglitaone

Answer 24

Remind patients that this drug causes weight gain and peripheral edema.

Question 25

Acarbose

Answer 25

Teach patients to take this drug only with a meal.

Question 26

Pramlintide

Answer 26

Warn patients that this drug commonly causes nausea and vomiting

Question 27

Glycosylated hemoglobin

Answer 27

Standardized test that measures how much glucose attaches to the hemoglobin and is an indicator of glucose control.

Question 28

Oral glucose tolerance test

Answer 28

Test used to diagnose gestational diabetes Mellitus

Question 29

Blood glucose monitoring

Answer 29

Process of checking a blood glucose level using a glucose meter

Question 30

Dawn phenomenon

Answer 30

Result from a nighttime release of adrenal hormones that cause blood glucose elevation at 0500 or 0600

Question 31

Continuous blood glucose monitoring

Answer 31

Diabetes technology system that measures and displays glucose levels continuously

Question 32

Charcot foot

Answer 32

Type of diabetic foot deformity often including hallux valgus

Question 33

Glucose regulation

Answer 33

Process of maintaining blood glucose levels

Question 34

Glycogenolysis

Answer 34

Breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose

Question 35

Lipolysis

Answer 35

Breakdown of body fats

Question 36

Kussmal respirations

Answer 36

Deep and rapid respiratory pattern triggered to reduce blood hydrogen ion concentration by “blowing off” carbon dioxide

Question 37

T/F: lack of insulin causes electrolyte imbalance with sodium being the most affected

Answer 37

False

Question 38

T/F: Lack of insulin causes polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia

Answer 38

True

Question 39

T/F: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is an autoimmune disorder in which the pancreatic beta cells are destroyed

Answer 39

True

Question 40

T/F: Dehydration with diabetes Mellitus leads to hemoconcentration, hypovolemia, poor tissue perfusion, and hypoxia, especially to the brain

Answer 40

True

Question 41

T/F: a common acid-base imbalance that occurs in clients who have diabetes Mellitus is metabolic acidosis

Answer 41

True

Question 42

T/F: macrovascular complications of DM include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease

Answer 42

True