Musculoskeletal- Exam 3 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Osteoporosis
A chronic disease of cellular regulation in which bone loss causes significant decreased density and possible fracture. (A silent disease)
What is referred to as a silent disease?
Osteoporosis
When is the osteoporosis usually diagnosed?
After a fracture
What percentage of postmenopausal women will have a fragility fracture (fracture caused by osteoporosis) in their life time?
50%
What percentage of men over the age of 50 will have an osteoporosis related fracture?
25%
When do osteoporosis and osteopenia (loss of bone mass) occur?
When osteoclastic (bone resorption) activity is greater than osteoblastic (bone-building) activity.
What happens when osteoclastic (bone resorption) activity is greater than osteoblastic (bone building) activity?
Osteoporosis and osteopenia (loss of bone mass) occur
What is the standards for the diagnosis of a person who has osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is diagnosed in a person who has a T-score at or lower than -2.5
What is the standards for the diagnosis of a person who has osteopenia?
Osteopenia is present when the T-score is at -1 and above -2.5
What is generalized osteoporosis?
Generalized osteoporosis involves many structures in the skeleton and is further divided into two categories : primary and secondary.
Bonus:
Primary osteoporosis is more common and occurs in post menopausal woman and in men in their 7th or 8th decade of life
Secondary osteoporosis may result from other medical conditions, such as hyperparathyroidism; long-term drug therapy, such as corticosteroids; or prolonged decreased mobility, such as that seen with spinal cord injury. Treatment of the secondary type is directed toward the cause of the osteoporosis when possible.
What is primary osteoporosis?
Primary osteoporosis is more common and occurs in post menopausal woman and in men in their 7th or 8th decade of life
What is secondary osteoporosis?
Secondary osteoporosis may result from other medical conditions, such as hyperparathyroidism; long-term drug therapy, such as corticosteroids; or prolonged decreased mobility, such as that seen with spinal cord injury. Treatment of the secondary type is directed toward the cause of the osteoporosis when possible.
What is regional osteoporosis?
Regional (localized) osteoporosis, an example of secondary disease, can occur when a limb is immobilized related to a fracture, injury, or paralysis. Decreased mobility for longer than 8-12 weeks can result in this type of osteoporosis. Bone loss also occurs when people spend prolonged time in a gravity-free or weightless environment (e.g. astronauts).
What is osteoporosis (Galen slide)
loss of bone mass which can be caused by multiple factors:
- lack of calcium
- sexual hormones (estrogen/testosterone)
Who is more prone to osteoporosis (Galen Slide)
More common in European American/ Asian postmenopausal women.
What are the signs and symptoms of osteoporosis?
- asymptomatic
- back pain due to compression fracture in vertebral bodies
- loss of height
- excessive forward curvature of the thoracic spine (kyphosis) owing to pathological vertebral fractures: collapsing of the anterior portion of the vertebral bodies in the thoracic areas
- fracture with minor trauma
What are the non-modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis?
- older age (over 50 years of age)
- menopause or history of total hysterectomy, including removal of ovaries
- parental history of osteoporosis, especially mother
- white or Asian ethnicity
- eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa
- rehumatoid arthritis
- history of any fracture after age 50 years
What are modifiable risk factors of osteoporosis?
- low body weight, thin build
- chronic low calcium and/or vitamin D
- estrogen or androgen deficiency
- current smoking (active or passive)
- high alcohol intake (two or more drinks per day)
- drug therapy, such as chronic steroid therapy
- poor nutrition
- lack of physical exercise or prolonged decreased mobility.
Risk factors for osteoporosis (Galen Slide)
- older age
- sedentary lifestyle
- poor health
- low calcium and vitamin D intake
- excessive alcohol and caffeine
- smoking
- oral steroid use
- history of fractures or falls
Osteoporosis treatment aims to…
Prevent fractures by increasing bone density and strength
How do Bisphosphonates treat osteoporosis?
They inhibit bone breakdown.
Bonus: alenronate, risedronate, and zoledronic acid
What are examples of Bisphosphonates?
Alendronate, risedronate, and zoledronic acid
How does Prolia help treat osteoporosis?
A monoclonal antibody that prevents bone resorption
Bonus
Densoumab
What are medications to help treat osteoporis
Bisphosphonates, prolia, anabolic agents, hormone therapy (estrogen for post menopausal women)
