Exam 1

Question 1

acute pain

Answer 1

the unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage that results from acute injury, disease, or surgery

Question 2

breakthrough pain

Answer 2

additional pain that “breaks through” the pain being managed by the mainstay analgesic drugs.

Question 3

half-life

Answer 3

the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by 50%

Question 4

neuropathic pain

Answer 4

the result of abnormal processing of stimuli believed to be associated with damage to or dysfunction of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and/or central nervous system (CNS)

Question 5

nociceptive pain

Answer 5

the result of actual or potential tissue damage or inflammation; often categorized as being somatic or visceral.

Question 6

pain

Answer 6

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. The most reliable indication of pain is the patient’s self-report

Question 7

patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)

Answer 7

an interactive method of management that allows patients to treat their pain by self-administration doses of analgesics.

Question 8

persistent pain (chronic pain)

Answer 8

pain that persists or recurs for an indefinite period, usually for more than 3 months. it often involves deep body structures, is poorly localized, and is difficult to describe.

Question 9

placebo

Answer 9

any medication or procedure, including surgery, that produces an effect in a patient because of its implicit or explicit intent, not because of tis specific physical or chemical properties.

Question 10

ASA Physical Status Classification system

Answer 10

From the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), a system that assess the fitness of patients for surgery. Each surgical patient is assigned a classification by the anesthesia provider to indicate overall physical health or sickness before surgery. ASA I - ASA VI

Question 11

Atelectasis

Answer 11

Collapse of lung tissue; can occur postoperatively if the patient does not change positions and breathe deeply.

Question 12

autologous donation

Answer 12

blood donation given by the patient before surgery for the purpose of reinfusing for self; reinfusing the patient’s own blood during surgery

Question 13

carboxyhemoglobin

Answer 13

carbon monoxide on oxygen-binding sites of the hemoglobin molecule. If present it decreases oxygen delivery to organs. (increased with smokers)

Question 14

dehiscence

Answer 14

partial or complete separation of the outer wound layers

Question 15

dysuria

Answer 15

painful urination

Question 16

evisceration

Answer 16

total separation of the outer wound layers

Answer 17

and protrusion of internal organs through the open wound.

Question 18

hyperkalemia

Answer 18

increased serum potassium level

Question 19

hypokalemia

Answer 19

decreased serum potassium level

Question 20

inpatient

Answer 20

a patient who is admitted to a hospital.

Question 21

intraoperative phase

Answer 21

during surgery

Question 22

malignant hyperthermia (MH)

Answer 22

inherited muscle disorder; an acute, life-threatening complication of certain drugs used for general anesthesia

Question 23

morbidity

Answer 23

illness or an abnormal condition or quality; number of serious diseases

Question 24

mortality

Answer 24

death

Question 25

myoglobinuria

Answer 25

muscle proteins in the urine due to rhabdomyolysis

Question 26

nocturia

Answer 26

the need to urinate excessively at night

Question 27

NPO

Answer 27

no eating, drinking (including water), smoking, or oral mediations

Question 28

oliguria

Answer 28

scant urine output; usually less than 400mL/day

Question 29

outpatient / ambulatory patient

Answer 29

a patient who goes to the surgical area the day of surgery and returns home the same day

Question 30

perioperative

Answer 30

operative experience consisting of the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative time phases

Question 31

postoperative phase

Answer 31

after surgery

Question 32

preoperative phase

Answer 32

before surgery

Question 33

pulse deficit

Answer 33

difference between the apical and peripheral pulses

Question 34

sanguineous

Answer 34

bloody (as in drainage)

Question 35

serosanguinous

Answer 35

yellowish mixed with light red or pale pink (as in drainage)

Question 36

serous

Answer 36

serum like or yellow (as in drainage)

Question 37

cosmetic surgical procedures

Answer 37

performed to reshape normal body structures to improve the patient's appearance or self-image. usually ELECTIVE in nature. ex: - body contouring (tummy tuck) - facelift -rhinoplasty

Question 38

curative surgical procedures

Answer 38

performed to resolve a health problem by repairing or removing the cause ex: - removal of cancerous tumor - removal of gallbladder

Question 39

diagnostic surgical procedures

Answer 39

performed to determine the origin and cause of a disorder by taking a tissue sample with the intention of diagnosing (and staging, if applicable) a condition ex: - breast biopsy after an abnormal finding on a mammogram -Joint arthroscopy

Question 40

Palliative surgical procedures

Answer 40

performed to increase the quality of life (often to reduce pain) while reducing stressors on the body; noncurative in nature. ex: - ileostomy creation - stent placement to alleviate obstruction -thoracocentesis to drain fluid to reduce pain

Question 41

preventative surgical procedures

Answer 41

performed with the intention that a condition will not develop ex: -prophylactic bilateral mastectomy in women who carry the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene

Question 42

reconstructive surgical procedures

Answer 42

performed on abnormal or damaged body structures to improve functional ability ex: - total hip replacement -total knee replacement

Question 43

transplantation surgical procedures

Answer 43

performed to replace a malfunctioning structure ex: -heart transplant -kidney transplant

Question 44

elective surgical procedure

Answer 44

planned for a correction of a nonacute problem ex: - cataract removal - hernia repair - hemorrhoidectomy - total joint replacement

Question 45

urgent surgical procedure

Answer 45

requires prompt intervention; may be life threatening if treatment is delayed more than 24-48hrs. ex: -intestinal obstruction -bladder obstruction -kidney or urethral stones -bone fracture -eye injury -acute cholecystitis

Question 46

emergent surgical procedures

Answer 46

requires immediate intervention because of life-threatening consequences ex: -gunshot or stab wound -severe bleeding -abdominal aortic aneurysm -compound fracture -appendectomy

Question 47

simple surgical approach

Answer 47

only the most overtly affected areas involved in the surgery ex: -simple or partial mastecctomy

Question 48

minimally invasive surgery (MIS)

Answer 48

surgery performed in a body cavity or body area through one or more endoscopes; can correct problems, remove organs, take tissue for biopsy, reroute blood vessels and drainage systems; is a fast-growing and ever-changing type of surgery ex: -arthroscopy -tubal ligation -hysterectomy -lung lobectomy -coronary artery bypass -cholecystectomy

Question 49

Radical surgical approach

Answer 49

extensive surgery beyond the area obviously involved; is directed at finding a root cause ex: - radical prostatectomy - radical hysterectomy