Diabetes Mellitus

Question 0

What is the short acting insulin?

Answer 0

Regular

Question 1

What are the rapid acting insulins?

Answer 1

Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine

Question 2

What are the intermediate acting insulins?

Answer 2

NPH, Lente

Question 3

What are the long acting insulins?

Answer 3

Ultralente, Glargine, Detemir, Lantus

Question 4

Which patient are more prone to developing hypoglycemia with insulin use?

Answer 4

Advanced renal disease, elderly, age <7 yrs old

Question 5

What is the pathophysiology of DM Type 1?

Answer 5

Autoimmune pancreatic beta cell destruction

Question 6

What is the primary pathophysiology of DM Type 2?

Answer 6

Increasing insulin resistance and diminishing insulin secretory capacity

Question 7

What is the mode of action of insulin secretagogues?

Answer 7

Stimulate release of endogenous insulin by promoting closure of K-channels in the pancreatic B-cell membrane

Question 8

T/F: Insulin secretagogues are effective in patients who lack functional pancreatic B-cells.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is the class of Chlorpropamide?

Answer 9

Insulin secretagogue, 1st generation sulfonylurea

Question 10

What is the class of Glipizide?

Answer 10

Insulin secretagogue, 2nd generation sulfonylurea

Question 11

Can you give Glipizide to patients with hepatic impairment and/or renal insufficiency?

Answer 11

No. It is contraindicated.

Question 12

Which of the following has the least hypoglycemic side effect?
A. Chlorpropomide
B. Glipizide
C. Repaglinide

Answer 12

Repaglinide

Question 13

What insulin secretagogue can you give to patient with sulfa allergy?

Answer 13

Repaglinide

Question 14

What insulin secretagogue can you give to a patient with CKD that has low hypoglycemic effect?

Answer 14

Nateglinide

Question 15

What is the MOA of Biguanides?

Answer 15

Activates AMP-stimulated protein kinase leading to inhibition of hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis

Question 16

What is the first line drug for DM type 2 and also the DOC?

Answer 16

Metformin

Question 17

What are the contraindications of Metformin?

Answer 17

Renal disease, alcoholism, hepatic disease

Question 18

MOA of Thiazolidinediones

Answer 18

Pregulates gene expression by binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma nuclear receptor

Question 19

Drug of choice for obese patients with insulin resistance and diminishing insulin secretory capacity

Answer 19

Metformin

Question 20

Patient taking thiazolidinedione presents with dyslipidemia. What is the expected laboratory finding?

Answer 20

⬇️HDL, ⬆️LDL & TG

Question 21

What are the contraindications of Thiazolidinediones?

Answer 21

Pregnancy, congestive heart failure, and chronic liver disease

Question 22

Patient presents with flatulence, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. What is the responsible anti diabetic drug?

Answer 22

Acarbose - an alpha glucosidase inhibitor

Question 23

A DPP-4 inhibitor that can be administered orally as monotherapy

Answer 23

Sitagliptin

Question 24

Diabetic patient presents with nasopharyngitis with unrecalled antidiabetic drug. What is the antidiabetic drug responsible for upper respiratory tract infections?

Answer 24

Sitagliptin

Question 25

Antiobesity drug which is withdrawn from the market due to suicidal and depression side effects

Answer 25

Rimonabant