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Virology > Diagnosis 1 (4) > Flashcards

Diagnosis 1 (4) Flashcards

1
Q

What is pathognomonic?

A

characteristic of that disease only

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2
Q

Diagnostic virology has made most contributions in _____

A

disease prevention

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3
Q

Routine diagnostic virology provides _____ of the epidemiology and pathogenicity of a virus at local, national, and international level

A

surveillance

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4
Q

What is a titer?

A

number of viral particles, during early stages of disease

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5
Q

What is a common sequel of viral diseases?

A

secondary bacterial infection

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6
Q

Which virus has an acute infection but then a rare late complication?

A

canine distemper virus
measles

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7
Q

Which virus is a latent-recurrent infection?

A

herpes virus

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8
Q

What are some laboratory techniques to diagnose a virus infection?

A

virus isolation - cell culture, cpe, etc
virus visualization - electron microscopy
viral antigen detection
characteristic gene sequence
antibody detection

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9
Q

When you isolate the virus in a cell culture, it is inoculated to cultured cells as a [monolayer/bilayer]. Selection of the ______ is critical to isolate the suspected virus

A

monolayer
cell type

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10
Q

Isolating the virus in cell culture helps you to be able to recognize characteristic ________

A

cytopathic effect

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11
Q

What are virus isolation: embryonated eggs used for?

A

isolation of the influence virus by allantoic and amniotic inoculation
historically used for pox virus isolation

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12
Q

In viral visualization, you use [positive/negative] staining electron microscopy and a copper grid and phosphotungstic acid

A

negative

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13
Q

In immunohistochemistry, you need the specific _____ to confirm the virus you suspect

A

antibody

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14
Q

Immunohistochemistry uses [viral antigen/viral nucleic acid]

A

viral antigen

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15
Q

Immunoflorescence uses [viral antigen/viral nucleic acid]. What is used in this?

A

viral antigen
fluorescent dye

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16
Q

In situ hybridization uses [viral antigen/viral nucleic acid]. What is used in this?

A

viral nucleic acid
reporter enzyme

17
Q

Some viruses naturally bind to the surface of red blood cells and cause them to _______. Then, this technique, which uses viral antigen detection, is used

A

agglutinate
hemagglutination assay

18
Q

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA, is used for ______

A

antibody detection
commonly used in veterinary practice like SNAP tests

19
Q

ELISA has a _______ anchored to plastic and also a secondary, or _____, antibody

A

capturing antibody
detecting

20
Q

The commercial application of ELISA is also known as a _______

A

lateral flow device

21
Q

Feline immunodeficiency virus detects an [antibody/antigen], and feline leukemia virus detects an [antibody/antigen]. Heartworm diseases detects for _____

A

antibody
antigen
antigen

22
Q

PCR is now directly linked to ________ and has an application in epidemiology

A

viral genomic sequencing
application in epidemiology (molecular)

23
Q

What are downsides of PCR for characteristic gene sequence in virus detection?

A

may miss rare pathogen
use primers containing mismatches (decreases sensitivity of detection)

24
Q

What are metagenomics?

A

characteristic gene sequence
applies a suit of genomic technologies and bioinformatics tools to directly access the entire genetic content of a clinical sample

25
Q

T/F: PCR can only detect known sequences

A

TRUE

26
Q

T/F: Quick and accurate diagnosis of viral infections is important for effective disease control

A

TRUE

27
Q

One diagnostic tool is antigen detection. What does this allow for?

A

identification of virus in lesions, fluids, and tissues

28
Q

The use of cell culture allows for the _______ of the virus from infected animals

A

propagation

29
Q

PCRs detect _____

A

viral genome

30
Q

Another diagnostic tool is antibody detection through ______ or measurement of ________

A

ELISA
antibody titers

31
Q

What are the limitations of diagnostic techniques?

A

need sophisticated laboratories
cost
selecting the proper specimen
interpretation of findings

Virology (16 decks)

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