Viral Diseases of Cats (10)

Question 1

What are properties of poxvirus?

Answer 1

virus resistant to environment
lesions proliferative and some “tumor like”
some induce long-lasting immunity
transmission by contact and mechanically by arthropods
several viruses zoonotic

Question 2

Felid herpesvirus 1 is called

Answer 2

feline viral rhinotracheitis

Question 3

What is erroneously called feline cold or influenza?

Answer 3

feline upper respiratory-conjunctival disease complex

Question 4

What are the agents (diseases) involved in feline upper respiratory-conjunctival disease complex?

Answer 4

herpes
calcivirus
chylamydia trachomatis

Question 5

What is the presentation of feline viral rhinotracheitis?

Answer 5

rhinitis and pharyngitis most common in 8-14 week range
conjunctivitis and dendritic corneal ulcers may develop

Question 6

How is FVR transmitted?

Answer 6

oral/nasal transmission

Question 7

What are characteristics of caliciviruses?

Answer 7

virus is resistant to environment and many disinfectants
affects many species (norovirus)
viruses heterogeneous
chronic infections occur in cats
diagnosis by PCR

Question 8

How is caliciviruses transmitted?

Answer 8

contact
fomites

Question 9

What is the means of infection for calciviruses - respiratory type?

Answer 9

aerosol/oral

Question 10

What is the cell tropism for calciviruses - respiratory type?

Answer 10

mucosal cells

Question 11

What predominates in calciviruses - respiratory type?

Answer 11

tongue, gingiva, and hard palate ulcers

Question 12

Who does calciviruses - lymphoreticular type infect?

Answer 12

kittens 4-10 weeks of age
cause limping, stiffness, soreness, and fever

Question 13

What is the cell tropism for calciviruses - lymphoreticular type?

Answer 13

splenic reticuloendothelial tissue and synovial tissue

Question 14

How does caliciviruses - virulent systemic spread? What does it cause?

Answer 14

rapidly by fomites
submandibular and limb edema —> spread to haired skin and footpads causing alopecia and ulcerative dermatitis
systemic disease and 60% of adults die

Question 15

How do you diagnose feline respiratory-conjunctival disease?

Answer 15

fluorescein-staining of cornea to identify ulcerations
take conjunctival/corneal swabs - transfer cells to a microscope slide for special Ag detection
viral isolation in cell culture
PCR

Question 16

T/F: There are vaccines for feline respiratory disease

Answer 16

TRUE - cats vaccinated have less severity of disease if infected

Question 17

[Conjunctivitis/Ulcers only] is a characteristic of herpes, and calici for [Conjunctivitis/Ulcers only]

Answer 17

herpes: conjunctivitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, oral ulcers
calici: oral ulcers only or pneumonia

Question 18

_____ contract pseudorabies

Answer 18

Panthers

Question 19

What are some properties of parvoviruses for cats?

Answer 19

very resistant to environments
replicates only in dividing cells
can cause abortion or fetal abnormalities

Question 20

What is the clinical presentation for feline panleukopenia?

Answer 20

lethargy, anorexia, vomiting of yellow fluid
high fever
severe dehydration
diarrhea (yellowish)
rarely seen as vaccination is very effective

Question 21

Kittens can develop ______ after parvovirus

Answer 21

cerebellar hypoplasia

Question 22

How do you diagnose FPL?

Answer 22

point of care test kits (IDEXX, Age, Synbiotics)

Question 23

What kind of vaccination is parvoviruses for cats? (FPL)

Answer 23

modified live

Question 24

What are properties of retroviruses?

Answer 24

virus unstable in environment
chronic disease - immuno compromise
persistent infection
diagnosis by ELISA or PCR and/or serology
transmission by direct contact or iatrogenic

Question 25

What is the most common cause of cancer in cats (lymphoma)?

Answer 25

FeLv

Question 26

In FeLV, the early stages of infection may have _____ _____ of disease at all

Answer 26

no signs

Question 27

What are signs of FeLV?

Answer 27

loss of appetite
weight loss
poor coat
enlarged lymph nodes
in unspayed female cats, abortion of kittens
etc

Question 28

FeLV is a [systemic/localized] infection

Answer 28

systemic - spreads by viremia

Question 29

After the asymptomatic phase in FeLv in some cats, what are the 2 types of infections cats may get?

Answer 29

progressive infection - infection not contained, virus replicates in lymph nodes and bone marrow, eventually develop FeLv-associated disease
regressive infection

Question 30

T/F: You can diagnose FeLv by a SNAP test

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

How is FeLV transmitted?

Answer 31

queen to kitten before or after birth (vertical)
cat to cat via close or prolonged contact (horizontal)
saliva - most efficient
urine
food bowls
grooming
fighting
iatrogenically by needles, instruments, transfusions

Question 32

____ are relatively resistant to infection of FeLv

Answer 32

adults
strong age-related protection

Question 33

In the past few decades there has been a(n) [increased/decreased] prevalence of FeLV and [increased/decreased] lymphoma prevalence

Answer 33

decreased
decreased

Question 34

What forms the cornerstone of preventing spread of FeLV?

Answer 34

identification and segregation of infected cats (though vaccines were available for both viruses)

Question 35

FeLV vaccine is recommended for:

Answer 35

all kittens
cats that go outdoors
cats that have direct contact with cats of unknown status
foster home situations
cats that live with FeLV-positive cats

Question 36

Development and use of canarypox vectored recombinant vaccines [eliminates/reduces] vaccine-induced sarcomas and other vaccine pitfalls

Answer 36

reduces