Viral Diseases of Dogs II (9)

Question 1

What are properties of the paramyxoviruses?

Answer 1

virus unstable in environment
respiratory and systemic clinical presentations
transmission by contact and droplet

Question 2

Is distemper limited to just dogs?

Answer 2

no - ferrets, skunks, raccoons, etc

Question 3

Canine distemper is [fatal/curable]

Answer 3

fatal - and is multi systemic

Question 4

CDV is related to ____ and ____ (diseases)

Answer 4

rinderpest
measles

Question 5

_____ is the most common cause of seizures in dogs less than 6 months of age

Answer 5

Canine distemper

Question 6

What is the most predominant effect of Canine distemper?

Answer 6

immunosuppression
followed by secondary signs

Question 7

How is Canine distemper spread?

Answer 7

mainly by direct contact between a susceptible dog and infected dog showing symptoms
transmission via aerosols or droplets of infected secretions

Question 8

CDV initially infects which part of the body?

Answer 8

respiratory epithelium and alveolar macrophages
then spreads to mononuclear cells of the brachial lymph nodes and tonsils

Question 9

Clinical signs of Canine distemper is [present/absent] during the first week after exposure

Answer 9

absent - during this time, carried by viremia through lymph structures

Question 10

How many weeks does canine distemper take to infect local lymphoid tissue? Systemic? Respiratory tract? Death?

Answer 10

1 week
1-2 weeks
2-3 weeks
2-12 weeks

Question 11

What are the clinical signs of CDV?

Answer 11

fever
conjunctivities
nasal discharge
bronchitis
gastroenteritis
gum smacking (seizures)
chorea
incoordination
myoclonus

Question 12

Remember what is in the Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough)

Answer 12

Question 13

How do you diagnose CDV?

Answer 13

signs of distemper can be extremely variable depending upon the stage of the disease
- fever one of the first signs
PCR
antibody titers and check for IgM
Post-mortem

Question 14

How do you treat CDV?

Answer 14

Question 15

What are the long-term problems of CDV?

Answer 15

seizures
tear deficiency
changes in footpads
damage to retina
enamel deposition

Question 16

What kind of vaccine is the distemper vaccine?

Answer 16

modified live

Question 17

In 2004, the subtype for [equine] influenza was influenza A virus subtype ______, and in 2015, the subtype for influenza was influenza A virus subtype ______,

Answer 17

H3N8
H3N2

Question 18

What are properties of influenza virus?

Answer 18

unstable in environment
predominately cause respiratory disease
exhibits antigenic shift and drift

Question 19

How is influenza virus transmitted?

Answer 19

direct contact
fomites
droplet infection

Question 20

What does H and N stand for regarding influenza virus? Where are they on the virus? They all present as ______

Answer 20

H: hemagglutinin
N: neuraminidase
proteins on the surface of the virus and induce antibody responses
all present as enteric infections

Question 21

What are clinical signs of canine influenza H3N8?

Answer 21

in greyhounds can be an acute disease associated with hemorrhagic pneumonia and death
other breeds: fever, nasal discharge, cough

Question 22

What is the transmission of H3N8?

Answer 22

transmission is by contact, short distance aerosols, fomites - just like all influenza viruses

Question 23

How do you diagnose canine influenza?

Answer 23

identify CIV in acutely infected animal or antibodies later
PCR
antibody testing: acute and convalescent serum sample

Question 24

What are the 3 tropisms of rhabdoviruses?

Answer 24

neurological - genus lyssavirus
epithelial - genus vesiculovirus
fever - genus ephemerovirus

Question 25

What are characteristics of rhabdoviruses?

Answer 25

unstable in environment wide range clinical presentations many serotypes diagnosis by clinical presentation or PCR transmission by direct contact, droplet, rabies and mechanically/biologically by arthropods

Question 26

T/F: There are rabies variants in the USA

Answer 26

true - a raccoon could transmit raccoon variant to you

Question 27

T/F: Dogs get rabies more often than cats

Answer 27

FALSE

Question 28

What are clinical signs of rabies?

Answer 28

loss of appetite, anxiety, insomnia infection of the limbic system (hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala) restlessness, wandering hydrophobia muscular spasms blood in vomit, inability to swallow saliva hyper sexuality

Question 29

"Think _____ first!"

Answer 29

rabies

Question 30

What is the pathogenesis of early infection for rabies?

Answer 30

bites mucosal exposure other (corneal transplants in humans) lead to infection replication at site of exposure

Question 31

What is the pathogenesis of rabies spread to the brain?

Answer 31

infection of neurons --> centripetal spread to neurons in dorsal root ganglion or spinal cord, spread to brain —> centrifugal spread to salivary glands skin clinical signs - furious via limbic system and dumb via neocortex —> death

Question 32

What is prodromal shedding for rabies?

Answer 32

virus shedding possibly 2-3 days before clinical disease develops

Question 33

T/F: Canine influenza vaccine is a core vaccine

Answer 33

FALSE