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Virology > Viral Diseases of Dogs II (9) > Flashcards

Viral Diseases of Dogs II (9) Flashcards

1
Q

What are properties of the paramyxoviruses?

A

virus unstable in environment
respiratory and systemic clinical presentations
transmission by contact and droplet

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2
Q

Is distemper limited to just dogs?

A

no - ferrets, skunks, raccoons, etc

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3
Q

Canine distemper is [fatal/curable]

A

fatal - and is multi systemic

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4
Q

CDV is related to ____ and ____ (diseases)

A

rinderpest
measles

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5
Q

_____ is the most common cause of seizures in dogs less than 6 months of age

A

Canine distemper

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6
Q

What is the most predominant effect of Canine distemper?

A

immunosuppression
followed by secondary signs

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7
Q

How is Canine distemper spread?

A

mainly by direct contact between a susceptible dog and infected dog showing symptoms
transmission via aerosols or droplets of infected secretions

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8
Q

CDV initially infects which part of the body?

A

respiratory epithelium and alveolar macrophages
then spreads to mononuclear cells of the brachial lymph nodes and tonsils

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9
Q

Clinical signs of Canine distemper is [present/absent] during the first week after exposure

A

absent - during this time, carried by viremia through lymph structures

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10
Q

How many weeks does canine distemper take to infect local lymphoid tissue? Systemic? Respiratory tract? Death?

A

1 week
1-2 weeks
2-3 weeks
2-12 weeks

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of CDV?

A

fever
conjunctivities
nasal discharge
bronchitis
gastroenteritis
gum smacking (seizures)
chorea
incoordination
myoclonus

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12
Q

Remember what is in the Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough)

A
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13
Q

How do you diagnose CDV?

A

signs of distemper can be extremely variable depending upon the stage of the disease
- fever one of the first signs
PCR
antibody titers and check for IgM
Post-mortem

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14
Q

How do you treat CDV?

A
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15
Q

What are the long-term problems of CDV?

A

seizures
tear deficiency
changes in footpads
damage to retina
enamel deposition

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16
Q

What kind of vaccine is the distemper vaccine?

A

modified live

17
Q

In 2004, the subtype for [equine] influenza was influenza A virus subtype ______, and in 2015, the subtype for influenza was influenza A virus subtype ______,

A

H3N8
H3N2

18
Q

What are properties of influenza virus?

A

unstable in environment
predominately cause respiratory disease
exhibits antigenic shift and drift

19
Q

How is influenza virus transmitted?

A

direct contact
fomites
droplet infection

20
Q

What does H and N stand for regarding influenza virus? Where are they on the virus? They all present as ______

A

H: hemagglutinin
N: neuraminidase
proteins on the surface of the virus and induce antibody responses
all present as enteric infections

21
Q

What are clinical signs of canine influenza H3N8?

A

in greyhounds can be an acute disease associated with hemorrhagic pneumonia and death
other breeds: fever, nasal discharge, cough

22
Q

What is the transmission of H3N8?

A

transmission is by contact, short distance aerosols, fomites - just like all influenza viruses

23
Q

How do you diagnose canine influenza?

A

identify CIV in acutely infected animal or antibodies later
PCR
antibody testing: acute and convalescent serum sample

24
Q

What are the 3 tropisms of rhabdoviruses?

A

neurological - genus lyssavirus
epithelial - genus vesiculovirus
fever - genus ephemerovirus

25
Q

What are characteristics of rhabdoviruses?

A

unstable in environment
wide range clinical presentations
many serotypes
diagnosis by clinical presentation or PCR
transmission by direct contact, droplet, rabies and mechanically/biologically by arthropods

26
Q

T/F: There are rabies variants in the USA

A

true - a raccoon could transmit raccoon variant to you

27
Q

T/F: Dogs get rabies more often than cats

A

FALSE

28
Q

What are clinical signs of rabies?

A

loss of appetite, anxiety, insomnia
infection of the limbic system (hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala)
restlessness, wandering
hydrophobia
muscular spasms
blood in vomit, inability to swallow saliva
hyper sexuality

29
Q

“Think _____ first!”

A

rabies

30
Q

What is the pathogenesis of early infection for rabies?

A

bites
mucosal exposure
other (corneal transplants in humans)
lead to infection
replication at site of exposure

31
Q

What is the pathogenesis of rabies spread to the brain?

A

infection of neurons –>
centripetal spread to neurons in dorsal root ganglion or spinal cord, spread to brain —> centrifugal spread to salivary glands skin
clinical signs - furious via limbic system and dumb via neocortex —> death

32
Q

What is prodromal shedding for rabies?

A

virus shedding possibly 2-3 days before clinical disease develops

33
Q

T/F: Canine influenza vaccine is a core vaccine

A

FALSE

Virology (16 decks)

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