Diagnostic and surgical procedure Flashcards
(18 cards)
arthrography
ăr-THRŎG-ră-fē
arthr/o: joint
-graphy: process of recording
Series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity, especially the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint
bone density test (bone densitometry)
Noninvasive procedure that uses low-energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and usually measures bones of the spine, hip, and forearm; also called dual-____x-ray ____iometry (DEXA)
Areas of decreased density indicate osteopenia and osteoporosis.
energy
absorpt
discography
dĭs-KŎG-ră-fē
______examination of the intervertebral disk structures with injection of a contrast medium
Discography helps diagnose suspected cases of____ disk.
Radiological herniated
Radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions
myelography
mī-ĕ-LŎG-ră-fē
myel/o: bone marrow; spinal cord
-graphy: process of recording
bone_____
Nuclear medicine procedure that involves intravenous injection of a radionuclide taken up into the bone
Bone scintigraphy helps detect bone disorders, especially arthritis, fractures, osteomyelitis, bone cancers, or areas of bony metastases.
scintigraphy
Partial or complete removal of an extremity as a result of disease, trauma, or a circulatory disorder
After removal of the extremity, the surgeon cuts a shaped flap from muscle and cutaneous tissue to cover the end of the bone and provide cushion and support for a prosthesis.
Surgical
amputation
ăm-pŭ-TĀ-
surgical puncture
Puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid or inject medications
arthrocentesis
ăr-thrō-sĕn-TĒ-sĭs
Surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement
arthroclasia
ăr-thrō-KLĀ-zē-ă
arthr/o: joint
-clasia: to break; surgical fracture
Visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope (See Fig. 10-16.)
The surgeon may insert other instruments through the arthroscope to scrape or cut damaged cartilage, excise tumors, remove fluid, and obtain biopsies.
arthroscopy
ăr-THRŎS-kō-pē
arthr/o: joint
-scopy: visual examination
bone grafting
GRĂFT-ĭng
Implantation or transplantation of bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue
bursectomy
bĕr-SĔK-tō-mē
Excision of a bursa (padlike sac or cavity found in connective tissue, usually in the vicinity of joints)
Bursectomy is commonly performed to treat chronic bursitis.
laminectomy
lăm-ĭ-NĔK-tō-mē
lamin: lamina (part of vertebral arch)
-ectomy: excision, removal
Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra
Laminectomy is most commonly performed to relieve the symptoms of a ruptured (slipped) intervertebral disk.
sequestrectomy
sē-kwĕs-TRĔK-tō-mē
sequester: separation
-ectomy: excision, removal
Excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)
total hip replacement (THR)
Surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis (See Fig. 10-17.)
In THR, the femoral head and the acetabulum are replaced with a metal ball and stem (prosthesis). The stem is anchored into the central core of the femur to achieve a secure fit.
Therapeutic
bone immobilization
Procedure used to restrict movement, stabilize and protect a fracture, and facilitate the healing process
casting
Bone immobilization by application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or similar material
splinting
Bone immobilization by application of an orthopedic device to the injured body part
A splint is constructed from wood, metal, or plaster of Paris and may be moveable or immovable.
traction
Set of mechanisms for straightening broken bones or relieving pressure on the spine and skeletal system
