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Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards

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1
Q

What is TACBS?

A 
Technical
Alignment
Cartilage
Bone
Soft Tissue
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2
Q

Which part of TACBS is key for trauma?

A

Alignment

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3
Q

What are the 4 Ds?

A

Detection (TACBS)
Description
DDX (Vindicate)
Decisions

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4
Q

What is VINDICATE?

A 
Vascular
Infection
Neoplasm
Drugs/Iatrogenic
Inflammatory
Congenital
AutoImmune
Trauma
Endocrine
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5
Q

Option for follow up?

A 
More X-ray
Advanced Imaging
Lab Work
Prognosis of care
Associations and compilations
Referral (BE SPECIFIC)
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6
Q

What type of advanced imaging for chest?

A

CT

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7
Q

What type of advanced imaging for gut?

A

U/S then CT

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8
Q

What type of advanced imaging for acute head?

A

CT

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9
Q

What type of advanced imaging for everything other than chest, gut, and acute head?

A

MRI

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10
Q

What are the 3 parts of a long bone?

A

Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis

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11
Q

What structure is between the Epiphysis and Metaphysis?

A

Epiphyseal Plate

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12
Q

Named Skull and Facial Fractures

A

Ping-Pong Fracture
Tripod Fracture (MC)
Le Fort

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13
Q

What is a Ping-Pong Fracture?

A

Depressed skull fx
Children
MOI: Broad deep depression

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14
Q

What is a Tripod Fracture?

A

Zygomatic arch, orbital, and maxillary process fx
MOST COMMON
MOI: Blow over malar eminence

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15
Q

What is a Le Fort Fracture?

A

Le Fort I - Maxilla and pterygoid plate
Le Fort II - Ethmoidal, maxillary orbit, and lateral maxilla
Le Fort III - Separated facial skeleton from skull

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16
Q

Named Cx Spine Fractures

A

Jefferson Fracture
Hangman’s Fracture
Teardrop Fracture
Clay Shoveler’s Fracture

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17
Q

What is a Jefferson Fracture?

A

Burst of C1

MOI: Axial compression

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18
Q

What is a Hangman’s Fracture?

A

Traumatic spondy

MOI: Hyperextension

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19
Q

What is a Teardrop Fracture?

A

Avulsion of a triangular shaped fragment from the anteroinferior corner
MOI: Acute hyperextension

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20
Q

What is a Clay Shoveler’s Fracture?

A

SP fracture C6-T2

MOI: Hyperflexion

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21
Q

Named Lumbar Fractures

A

Chance/Lap seat belt

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22
Q

What is a Chance/Lap belt Fracture?

A

Horizontal splitting of the spine and neural arch
MOST COMMON in upper lumbar
MOI: Auto accident

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23
Q

Named AVN of the spine

A

Kummel Disease

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24
Q

What is Kummel Disease?

A

AVN of the vertebral body

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25
Named Rib/Sternum/SC Fractures
Tietze Syndrome Golfer's Fracture Passion/Bear Hug Fracture
26
What is Tietze Syndrome?
Bening and Self limiting Painful enlargement of the upper costal cartilage MOI: after minor trauma
27
What is a Golfer's Fracture?
Lateral margin rib fracture | MOI: Striking the ground instead of the ball
28
What is a Passion Fracture?
Rib fracture | MOI: Bear hugs
29
Named Pelvic Fractures
Straddle Fracture Malgaigne's Fracture Bucket Handle Fracture
30
What is a Straddle Fracture?
Double vertical fracture of the ischiopubic ring | or dislocation of the pubis
31
What is a Malgaigne's Fracture?
Double vertical fracture of one hemipelvis, superior pubic ramus and ischiopubic ramus MOI: Vertical shearing force
32
What is a Bucket Handle Fracture?
Through the superior pubic ramus and ischiopubic junction | MOI: Oblique force impact to pelvis
33
Named AVN of the pelvis
Buchman Milch Pierson Van Neck-Odelberg
34
Buchman AVN
AVN of the Iliac Crest
35
Milch AVN
AVN of the Ischial Apophysis
36
Pierson AVN
AVN of the Symphysis Pubis
37
Van Neck-Odelberg AVN
AVN of the Ischiopubic Synchondrosis
38
What is a SCFE?
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis | MOI: >50% are non-trauma
39
Definition: | Salter-Harris Fractures
Definition: | Injury to the Growth Plate
40
Definition: | Type 1 Salter-Harris
Definition: | Fx Through the Growth Plate
41
Definition: | Type 2 Salter-Harris
Definition: Fx Through Growth Plate and Metaphysis MOST COMMON
42
Definition: | Type 3 Salter-Harris
Definition: | Fx Through Growth Plate and Epiphysis
43
Definition: | Type 4 Salter-Harris
Definition: | Fx Through all 3 Elements
44
Definition: | Type 5 Salter-Harris
Definition: | Crush Injury of the Growth Plate
45
Named Fracture Classification Systems of the Hip
Garden System Evans System Seinsheimer System
46
What is the Garden System of Femur Fracture?
Intercapsular Fractures Type I - Incomplete/Impacted Type II - Complete w/o Bone Displacement Type III - Complete w/ partial Bone Displacement Type IV - Complete w/ full Bone Displacement
47
What is the Evans System of Femur Fracture?
Intertrochanteric Fractures Type I - Stable w/o displacement Type II - Unstable w/ displacement
48
What is the Seinsheimer System of Femur Fracture?
``` Subtrochanteric Fractures Type I - Non-displaced Type II - Two Part Fx Type III - Three Part Fx Type IV - Communited Fx (4+) ```
49
Named AVN of Hip
Legg-Calve-Perthe's | Mandl
50
Legg-Calve-Perthe's AVN
AVN of the Femoral Head
51
Mandl AVN
AVN of the Greater Trochanter
52
Named Fractures of the Knee
``` Segond Fracture Osgood-Schlatter Sinding-Larson-Johansson Bumper/Fender Trampoline Fracture ```
53
What is a Segond Fracture?
Avulsion of the proximal tibia at the lateral joint capsule | MOI: Internal tibial rotation and knee flexion
54
What is a Osgood-Schlatter Fracture?
Avulsion of the tibial tubercle | MOI: Acute/Chronic Repetitive Trauma
55
What is a Sinding-Larson-Johansson Fracture?
Avulsion of the inferior patellar pole | MOI: Traction Apophysitis or Posttraumatic Osteonecrosis
56
What is a Bumper/Fender Fracture?
Fx of the tibial plateau | MOI: Femoral condyles forced into the tibial plateau
57
What is a Trampoline Fracture?
Fx of the tibial plateau through the metaphysis | MOI: Child jumping on trampoline with a larger person
58
Named AVN of the knee
Ahlback (SONK) Caffrey Kohler
59
What is Ahlback Disease?
AVN of the medial femoral condyle (SONK)
60
What is a SONK?
Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the knee (Ahlback)
61
What is Caffrey Disease?
AVN of intercondylar spine of the tibia
62
What is Kohler Disease in adults?
AVN of the Patella (Navicular in children)
63
Named tibial fractures
Tillaux Fracture | Toddler's Fracture
64
What is a Tillaux Fracture?
Fx through the medial malleolus and diastasis of the distal tib-fib joint
65
What is a Toddler's Fracture?
Undisplaced spiral fx of the tibial | MOI: Child's leg is caught in the slats of the crib then rolls over
66
Named fibular fractures
Maisonneuve Fracture Pott's Fracture Dupuytren's Fracture
67
What is a Maisonneuve Fracture?
Fx of the proximal fibula | MOI: Inversion and external rotation of the ankle
68
What is a Pott's Fracture?
Partial dislocation of the ankle with fib fx | MOI: jumping
69
What is a Dupuytren's Fracture?
Fx of distal fibula with widened ankle mortise and medial tibial displacement MOI: jumping
70
Named fractures of the ankle
``` SER - 60% SAD - 20% PER - 10% PAB - 10% PDF - <0.5% ```
71
What is a SER Fracture?
MOI: Supination & ExRot forces talus against fib Unstable SER I - Talliux SER II - Oblique distal fib SER III - Posterior tib SER IV - Medial malleolus and deltoid rupture
72
What is a SAD Fracture?
MOI: medially directed adduction on a supinated foot SAD I - Lateral lig rupture and fx of distal fib SAD II - fx of medial malleolus
73
What is a PER Fracture?
MOI: ExRot on a Pronated foot PER I - deltoid rupture 60%, med malleolus rupture 40% PER II - Distal tibfib rupture, or avulsion of A/P tubercle PER III - I & II w/ supramalleolar fx PER IV - I-III w/ posterior tibial margin fx
74
What is a PAB Fracture?
MOI: Abd on a pronated foot PAB I - deltoid rupture 60% PAB II - Distal tibfib rupture or avulsion of A/P tubercle PAB III - I & II w/ supramalleolar fx
75
What is a PDF Fracture?
MOI: Axial loading, forced dorsiflexion on a pronated foot PDF I - fx of medial malleolus PDF II - ant tibial fx PDF III - supramalleolar fx PDF IV - transverse fx of posterior tibia, comm with PDF II
76
Named foot and ankle fractures
Lauge-Hansen Classification | Aviator's Astragalus
77
What is a Lauge-Hansen Classification?
Based on position of the foot relative to the body at the time of injury and direction of talus displacement or rotation in relation to the mortise joint
78
What is a Aviator's Astragalus Fracture?
Fx of the talus 2nd MOST COMMON tarsal fx MOI: Dislocation of the tibiotalar or subtalar joint
79
AVN of the ankle
``` Dias Liffert-Arkin Muller-Weiss Kohler Sever ```
80
What is a Dias Disease?
AVN of the trochlea of the talus
81
What is Liffert-Arkin Disease?
AVN of the distal tibia
82
What is Muller-Weiss?
AVN of navicular in adults
83
What is Kohler Disease in children?
AVN of navicular (patella in adults)
84
What is Sever's Disease?
AVN of the calcaneal epiphysis
85
Named fractures of the foot
Jones Fracture Bedroom Fracture Chopart's Dislocation Lisfranc Dislocation
86
What is a Jones Fracture?
Fx of the base of the 5th metatarsal | MOI: Direct or indirect forces
87
What is a Bedroom Fracture?
Broken toe MC in 1st and 5th MOI: Direct blow to toe
88
What is a Chopart's Dislocation?
Midtarsal dislocation that separated the foot at the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joint
89
What is a Lisfranc Fracture?
Tarsometarsal fracture
90
Named AVN of the foot
Freiberg | Iselin
91
What is Freiberg Disease?
AVN of the head of the second metatarsal
92
What is a Iselin Disease?
AVN of the base of the 5th metatarsal
93
Named Fractures of the Shoulder
Little League Shoulder Bankart Lesion Hill-Sachs Flap Fracture
94
What is a Little League Shoulder Fracture?
Type I - Slipped Humeral Epiphysis MC 11-16yo MOI: Throwing
95
What is a Bankart Lesion?
Avulsion of the Glenoid Rim | MOI: Anterior Dislocation
96
What is a Hill Sachs Fracture?
Posterolateral humeral head compression fracture | MOI: Anterior dislocation
97
What is a Flap Fracture?
Fracture of the greater tuberosity | MOI: Anterior Dislocation
98
Named AVN of the Humerus and Clavicle
Freidrich | Hass
99
What is a Freidrich Disease?
AVN of the medial clavicle
100
What is a Hass Disease?
AVN of the humeral head
101
Named fractures of the humerus and elbow
Ball Fracture | Nursemaid's Elbow
102
What is a Ball Fracture?
Throwing fracture Minimal displaced spiral fracture of the mid-distal shaft of the humerus MOI: Throwing motions, even snowballs
103
What is a Nursemaid's Elbow?
Radial head dislocation anteriorly in relation to the capitulum MOI: Sudden pull on a child's arm
104
Named fractures of the elbow
Monteggia Hahn-Steinthal Kocher-Lorenz Regan-Morray
105
What is a Monteggia Fracture?
MOST COMMON IN ADULTS Type I - Middle/Upper Ulna Fx w/ Anterior dislocation of radial head Type II - Middle/Upper Ulna Fx w/ Posterior dislocation of radial head Type III - Ulna Fx distal to coronoid process w/ Lateral dislocation of radial head Type IV - Middle/Upper Ulna Fx w/ Anterior dislocation of radial head AND Upper Radius Fx
106
What is a Hahn-Steinthal Fracture?
Capitellum Fx Displacement of a large segment of bone MOI: Direct forces through radial head
107
What is a Kocher-Lorenz Fracture?
Capitellum Fx Displacement of Cartilage MOI: Direct force through radial head
108
What are the two named Capitellum injuries?
Hahn-Steinthal and Kocher-Lorenz
109
What is a Regan-Morrey Fracture?
``` Coronoid Process Fx Avulsion from brachialis tendon, or impaction against the trochanter Type I - Simple avulsion Type II - Fx 50% of coronoid process Type III - Fx base of coronoid process ```
110
Named Fractures of the Forearm
``` Galeazzi Fracture Colles Fracture (Ponteau) Smith Fracture Moore Fracture Nightstick Fracture Barton Fracture Hutchison (Chauffer's) Fracture ```
111
What is a Galeazzi Fracture?
Fx of radial shaft w/ dislocation of distal radiulnar joint | MOI: FOOSH
112
What is a Colles (Ponteau) Fracture?
Fx of radius with dorsal displacement | MOI: Dorsiflexion
113
What is a Smith Fracture?
MOST COMMON Fx of radius with ventral displacement MOI: Direct force to wrist with hyperflexion
114
What is a Moore Fracture?
Colles Fx w/ Ulnar Styloid Involvement Disruption of the distal radioulnar joint MOI: Dorsiflexion
115
What is a Nightstick Fracture?
Ulnar Fx | MOI: Direct force to forearm
116
What is a Barton Fracture?
Fx of dorsal rim of radius w/ interarticular extension | MOI: Dorsiflexion AND pronation
117
What is a Hutchison (Chauffer's) Fracture?
Fx of the styloid process of the Radius | MOI: Direct blow or avulsion by radial collateral ligament
118
Named AVN of the Elbow and Forearm
Brailsford Burns Panner
119
What is a Brailsford Disease?
AVN of the Radial Head
120
What is a Burns Disease?
AVN of the Distal Ulna
121
What is a Panner Disease?
AVN of the Capitellum of Humerus
122
Named fractures of the Thumb
Bennett Fracture Rolando Fracture Gamekeeper Thumb Fracture
123
What is a Bennett Fracture?
Fx of the volar lip, 1st metacarpal base is displaced dorsally MOI: Axial force to flexed metacarpal bone
124
What is a Rolando Fracture?
Y or T shaped comminuted Fx of the 1st metacarpal base
125
What is a Gamekeeper Thumb?
Disruption of the 1st Metacarpal UCL | MOI: Ski Pole, Abd-Ext Force
126
Named fractures of the wrist and hand
DeQuervain's Fracture Boxer's Fracture Bar Room Fracture
127
What is a DeQuervain's Fracture?
Ant dislocation of the lunate w/ proximal fragment of the scaphoid
128
What is a Boxer's Fracture?
Transverse Fx of the 2nd/3rd metacarpal neck | MOI: Straight jab type blow
129
What is a Bar Room Fracture?
Transvers Fx of the 4th/5th metacarpal neck | MOI: Roundhouse type blow
130
Named AVN of the wrist and hand
Keinbock Preiser Deitrich-Mauclaire Theimann
131
What is a Keinbock Disease?
AVN of the Lunate
132
What is a Preiser Disease?
AVN of the Scaphoid
133
What is a Dietrich-Mauclaire Disease?
AVN of the Metacarpal Head
134
What is a Theimann Disease?
AVN of the Phalanges Base

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