Dictionary Terms 213-314 Flashcards by Matilda Harrison

Union between two or more bones. Several types

Joint (anatomy)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sac-like Struve enveloping a joint, contains all the element of the joint such as cartilage, synovial membrane and fluid

Joint capsule

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

OCD lesion. A free fragment of ossified hyaline cartilage within a synovial joint. May need to be removed

Joint mouse

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Principle component of skin, hair, nails, hooves and horn (but not antlers)

Keratin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Process in which keratinocytes mature forming the horny outer layer of skin

Keratinisation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cornified

Keratinized

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Skin cells, common in the epidermis, that produce keratin

Keratinicyte

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Substance able to soften or to cause peeling of the hornet layer

Keratolytic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Slow growing tumour of the underlying structures of the hoof wall

Keratoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Equine carpus. Carpus is the preferred term to avoid confusion

Knee

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arched back I.e. Ventroflexion. Part of normal movement, or may be per meant malignment

Kyphosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Product of anaerobic glycolysis. Enables glycolysis to continue when ATP demand is high

Lactate (biochemistry)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

does not exist at the body pH. It is present as lactate.

Lactic acid (biochemistry)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lactate produced by intense exercise requires oxygen to be metabolised to glucose or used as an energy source

Lactic debt

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These attach to the coffin bone to the hoof wall

Laminae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inflammation of the sensitive laminae of the hoof

Laminitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Change in gait due to pain or mechanical fault. Graded 0-5 or 0-10. Very subjective

Lameness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cells in the epidermis that are important in generating immune response

Langerhans

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Paralysis affecting just one side of the larynx. Also called roaring. Condition is usually due to damage to either of the two recurrent laryngeal nerves

Laryngeal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Portion of the pharynx just rostal to the larynx. Common entry for Naso- and oropharynxes

Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dormant stage of an infection. Though present it is not actively replicating so cannot be detected by normal methods of investigation

Latent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Paired shock absorbing fibro-cartilage ours extensions to the pedal bone (P3)

Lateral cartilages

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lying down on one side

Lateral recumbency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Extra-capsular technique to stabilise the stifle after CCL injury. Only for small dogs <15kg

Lateral retinacular imbrication (orthopaedics)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Flushing out (irrigation) of a wound

Lavage

Fatty acid component of the outer surface of cellular membranes

Lecithin

Malignant tumour of smooth muscle cells

Leiomyosarcoma

Refers to any abnormality of tissue structure due to disease

Lesion

Degenerative brain disorder thought to be caused by a toxin produced from a mold. Has a number of common names including Blind Staggers, Corn Stalk Disease and Moldy Corn poisoning

Leukoencephalomalacia

Lowered number of white blood cells

Leukopaenia

Compounds that act as modulators of inflammatory and allergic reactions

Leukotrienes

Involved in the hormonal control of ovulation

Leutinising hormone (LH)

A band of fibrous tissue stabilising and providing support for a joint

Ligament

To tie off - as in tie off an artery

Ligate

An enzyme that breaks down fat

Lipase

Fats

Lipids

Synonym for trismus, a clinical sign of tetanus

Lockjaw

Downward curvature of the spine (I.e. Dorsiflexion), part of normal movement, or may be permanent malignment

Lordosis

Dislocation of a joint

Luxation

Clear fluid that circulates in the lymph vessels

Lymph

Specialised nodule acting as a filter for lymphatic fluid

Lymph node

A white blood cell which is responsive to the presence of a foreign body. It has an important role in the action of the immune response. Different types

Lymphocyte

A malignant tumour of lymphocytes

Lymphoma

The breakdown or softening of skin cells as a result of over exposure to moisture or to some tropical medication

Maceration

An important specialised white blood cell, it's fuction is to ingest cellular debris or foreign bodies. These cells destroy ingested microorganisms. They process ingested antigens as an initial stage in the process of eliciting a specific immune response. They also synthesise enzymes such as coagulation factors

Macrophage

Lower jaw

Mandible

These specialised cells are involved in the development of an allergy. They are found in skin and in the inner lining of body surfaces

Mast cells

Upper jaw

Maxilla

Towards the inside, nearer the median plane

Medial

The innermost part of a organ

Medulla

A giant cell which is the precursor of platelets, it is present in bone marrow

Megakaryocyte

Cell division process leading to formation of gametes

Meiosis

Inflammation of the meninges

Meningitis

Average or normal skull shape. Labradors are typical

Mesaticephalic /mesencephalic

The conversion of nutrients into energy

Metabolism

The long bones distal to the carpus

Metacarpal

The region beneath the growth plate (epiphysis) of the bone

Metaphysis

Change in cell type

Metaplasia

The spread of tumour cells from the primary neoplasm to other body regions

Metastasis (cells)

Specialised organelles that are responsible for energy production

Mitichondria (cells)

Process of cell,at replication. The cell divides to form two exact copies of the original cell

Mitosis

Large grinding teeth

Molars (cells)

Technically the bending force on a lever, equivalent to torque

Moment

White blood cells that convert into active macrophages when they enter tissue

Monocytes (cells)

Nerve supplying myofibres in skeletal muscles

Motor

Lubricating membranes that line the mouth, digestive tract, respiratory tract, and the urinary tract

Mucous

Fractures in more than one bone

Multiple fracture (orthopaedics)

Fatty substance forming the myelin sheath which surrounds many nerve axons. It facilitates the conduction of electrical impulses along the nerve path

Myelin (cells)

Any disorder affecting the spinal cord

Myelopathy

Muscle layer of the heart muscle. Made from mononucleate myocytes joined by gap junctions

Myocardium

Repetitive involuntary twitches of contractions of muscles

Myoclonus (muscle)

Muscle cells. Contain myofibrils. Cardiac, skeletal or smooth variants

Myocytes

Threadlike elements making up the myofibrils. The myofibrils are made of even smaller microfilaments

Myofibrils

Pigment of muscle tissue that store oxygen within the myocytes. Gives muscles their colour

Myoglobin (Mb)

Death of muscle cells

Myonecrosis

Any muscle disorder

Myopathy

Essential protein content of muscles that is responsible for muscle contractions

Myosin

The active head of a myosin molecule that lyses ATP and generates movement of the actin-myosin unit in striated muscle

MyosinATPase

Inflammation of a muscle

Myositis

Rear portion of the nasal cavity, this lies above the soft palate

Nasopharynx

Lameness resulting from damage to the navicular bone. This is the most common cause of intermittent lameness in the equine forelimb

Navicular

Lesions of the navicular bone (distal sesamoid bone). Creates subtle lameness

Navicular syndrome

Cell death

Necrosis

Made up of dead cells

Necrotic

Tumour, abnormal, uncontrolled growth. Malignant or benign

Neoplasia

Growth of new blood cells into a tumour rooted abnormal site

Neovascularisation

Inflammation of the kidney

Nephritis

The functional units of the kidney

Nephrons

Perineural anaesthesia

Nerve block

Surgically severing a nerve to reduce pain

Neurectomy

Inflammation of a nerve

Neuritis

Benign tumour of the nervous system arising from Schwann cells

Neurofibroma

Tumour arising from a nerve

Neuroma

Connections between | Muscle cells and adjacent nerves. These are specialised extensions of sarcolemma

Neuromuscular

A disorder affecting neurons and muscle fibres

Neuromyopathy

A nerve cell. The cell bodies make up the grey matter, the axons make up the white matter

Neurone (neuron)

Toxin that specifically targets nerve cells

Neurotoxin

A chemical used in the nervous system. Used to convert electrical impulses into chemical messages, ensuring one way transmission across a synapse

Neurotransmitter

The band of string connective tissue which provides support for the neck

Nuchal

I.e. DNA and RNA

Nucleic

An individual unit of DNA

Nucleotide

A disease arising from an imbalance of calcium and phosphorus in the diet. It can result in loss of calcium from the bones (common name Millers Disease)

Nutritional