Diencephalon Flashcards
(7 cards)
DIENCEPHALON: Epithalamus
other name, shape, projected, attached by, where, has what nerve (2), influences (5), inhibit what
pineal stalk - sup vs. inf has (1.1)
brain sand - what, age
pinealocytes - function
melatonin - destination, day/night, inhibit=function
EPITHALAMUS/PINEAL GLAND
- conical, projected posteriorly, attached by pineal stalk
- no nerve but receive from sup cervical sympathetic ganglia & has glial cells
- influences: pituitary gland, islets of langerhans, parathyroids, adrenal, gonads
- inhibits circadian rhythm
- pineal stalk: sup has habenular commissure, inf has pos commissure
- brain sand: calcified materials that inc c age
- pinealocytes: inhibit hormone release of hypothalamus
- melatonin: go to pituitary gland; more active in night; inhibits release of gonadotrophic hormone to regulate reproductive function
DIENCEPHALON: Subthalamus
connected to, has, function/medical
shape, matter, inf (1), divided by, connected by
ant vs. pos forms, med (1) lat (1)
integrate + except
- connected to corpus striatum
- has tracts
- for voluntary motion (hemiballismus)
- egg-shaped, gray matter, inf with tegmentum
- divided by 3rd ventricle, connected by interthaalmic connection/massa intermedia
- anterior end: forms interventricular foramen
- posterior end: forms pulvinar (overhangs sup colliculus)
- med with 3rd ventricle, lat with lentiform separated by IC
- integrate visceral & somatic functions except olfactory
DIENCEPHALON: Nuclei
anterior & middle
- ant thalamic: receive (3), for (2)
- dorsomedial: receive (3), for (1)
lateral
- dorsal tier: nuclei (2), receive (5)
- antlat: connected to, receive (1), send (3)
- vent ant: between
- ventlat: receive (2), send (3)
- VPM: receive (2)
- VPL: receive (3)
ANTERIOR & MIDDLE
- ant thalamic: receive cingulate gyrus, mamillothalamic tract, hypothalamus; for emotion & memory
- dorsomedial: receive from prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, other thalamic nuclei; for sensory & its relation to emotion
LATERAL TIER
- dorsal tier (lateral dorsal & lateral posterior: receive from parietal occipital temporal, cingulate gyrus, other thalamic nuclei
- antlat: connected to basal nuclei, receive from GP, send to area 4 6 supplementary motor
- ventant: between corpus striatum & motor areas
- ventlat: receive from cerebellum & red nucleus
- VPM: receive gustatory & trigeminal
- VPL: receive medial & spinal lemnisci
DIENCEPHALON: Nuclei - Other
intralaminar nuclei - where (where), receive (2), send (1), function (2)
midline - receive (1)
reticular - between, derivative, receive (2), send (1), function (1)
MGB - pathway (7)
LGB - where/form where
send to other thalamic nuclei (3)
send to cortex except (1)
thalamic hand
intralaminar nuclei
- in internal medullary lamina of subthalamus
- receive: trigeminothalamic & spinothalamic
- send: other thalamic nuclei
- function: regulate cortex activity, consciousness
midline nuclei
- receive: RF
reticular nuclei
- between external medullary lamina of subthalamus & pos limb & external capsule
- derivative of ant thalamus
- receive: RF, cerebral cortex
- send: other thalamic nuclei
- function: regulate thalamic activity
other shit
- MGB: cochlear nucleus -> trapezoid body -> lat lemniscus -> inf colliculi -> inf brachium -> MGB -> cortex
- LGB: from pulvinar
- send to other thalamic nuclei: dorsomedial, dorsal tier, intralaminar, reticular
- send to cortex except: reticular
- thalamic hand: wrist PRO FLEX, MCP FLEX, IP EXT
DIENCEPHALON: Pituitary
hypothalamohypophyseal tract
- vasopressin: from, vasowhat, for (2)
- oxytocin: from, for (2)
- supraoptic: what, does what
(2) = heat loss = vasowhat
nuclei for rage + if lesion
diabetic insipidus - nucleus, sx (2)
- vasopressin: from supraoptic nucleus; vasoconstrict; anti-diuretic, inc water absorption in kidney
- oxytocin: from paraventricular nucleus; for uterus & myoepithelial cells
- supraoptic: osmoreceptor; if inc osmotic pressure = inc vasopressin
ANS
- activate preoptic & ant thalamic nuclei = heat loss = vasodilate
- lateral hypothalamic nuclei: for rage, if lesion = passive
- diabetic insipidus: supraoptic nucleus; polydypsia & polyuria
DIENCEPHALON: Hypothalamus/Pituitary/Function
GHRH, GHIH, PRH, PIH, CRH, TRH, LHRH, FSH
- GHRH | growth hormone | epiphysis
- GHIH | inhibit growth hormone
- PRH | prolactin | lactogenesis
- corticotropin | adrenocortitropic | corticosteroid & sex hormones
- thyrotrophin | TSH | thyroxin
- LHRH & FSH | luteinizing & follicle hormone | progesterone & estrogen
DIENCEPHALON: Nuclei
supraoptic, paraventricular, preoptic & ant, pos & lat, pos hypothalamic, ant hypothalamic, medial hypothalamic, lateral hypothalamic, suprachiasmatic
- supraoptic: vasopressin
- paraventricular: oxytocin
- preoptic & ant thalamic: parasympathetic (dec)
- pos & lat thalamic: sympathetic (inc)
- pos hypothalamic: response to cold (to gain heat)
- ant hypothalamic: response to heat (to lose heat)
- medial hypothalamic: bye hunger
- lat hypothalamic: inc hunger
- suprachiasmatic: circadian rhythm
