Diencephalon

Question 1

anterior nuclear group: afferent, efferent, function

Answer 1

afferent: mammillary body
efferent: cingulate gyrus
function: limbic

Question 2

ventral anterior: afferent, efferent, function

Answer 2

afferent: globus pallidus
efferent: premotor cortex
function: motor

Question 3

ventral lateral: afferent, efferent, function

Answer 3

afferent: dentate nucleus
efferent: motor and premotor
function: motor

Question 4

VPL: afferent, efferent, function

Answer 4

afferent: dorsal column medial lemniscus & spinothalamic
efferent: somatosensory cortex
function: somatic sensation (body)

Question 5

VPM: afferent, efferent, function

Answer 5

afferent: trigeminal nerve
efferent: somatosensory cortex
function: somatic sensation (face)

Question 6

LGN: afferent, efferent, function

Answer 6

afferent: retinal ganglion cells
efferent: primary visual cortex
function: vision

Question 7

MGN: afferent, efferent, function

Answer 7

afferent: inferior colliculus
efferent: primary auditory cortex
function: audition

Question 8

lateral dorsal: afferent, efferent, function

Answer 8

afferent: cingulate gyrus
efferent: cingulate gyrus
function: emotional expression

Question 9

lateral posterior: afferent, efferent, function

Answer 9

afferent: parietal cortex
efferent: parietal cortex
function: sensory integration

Question 10

pulvinar: afferent, efferent, function

Answer 10

afferent: superior colliculus, POT lobes
efferent: POT lobes
function: integration of sensory information

Question 11

intralaminar nuclei (CM, CL, PF): efferent, function

Answer 11

efferent: basal ganglia and wide areas of cortex
function: role in pain, sleep and wakefulness

Question 12

reticular nucleus: function

Answer 12

modulation of thalamic activity

Question 13

what system are the diffuse projection nuclei (non-specific system) part of? name the 3 groups

Answer 13

reticular formation system

1. midline nuclei
2. intermlaminar nuclei
3. reticular nucleus

Question 14

thalamic syndrome: damage to what, symptoms

Answer 14

VPL, starts with contralateral hemianalgesia, pain with noxious stimuli, pain with non-noxious stimuli, constant pain without external stimulus, pain has strong emotional overtone

Question 15

functional characteristics of non-specific system

Answer 15

• activated by repetitive, low-frequency stimulation
• interconnected with each other and reciprocally with specific thalamic nuclei
• evokes cortical recruitment response that waxes and wanes
• controls level of excitability of neurons over wide areas of cortex