Localization of Cortical Dysfunction

Question 1

vascular supply of frontal lobe

Answer 1

ACA and MCA

Question 2

Jacksonian march

Answer 2

seizure in primary motor cortex that travels along gyrus and activates muscles in order seen on the motor homunculus

Question 3

frontal eye fields

Answer 3

part of frontal lobe, responsible for contralateral saccades (voluntary eye movements to contralateral field)

Question 4

lesion of FEF causes?

Answer 4

ipsilateral gaze preference

Question 5

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 5

non-fluent, repetition is impaired, comprehension OK

Question 6

Broca’s area: vascular supply

Answer 6

MCA

Question 7

function of prefrontal cortex

Answer 7

provides ORDER, personality, executive function, sequence and organize facts, problem-solving

Question 8

function of orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 8

• provides RESTRAINT
• part of limbic system
• inhibits socially inappropriate behavior

Question 9

Pick’s disease

Answer 9

• frontotemporal dementia
• progressive neurodegeneration
• affects prefrontal cortex first (personality changes, irritability)
• also eventually affects orbitofrontal cortex and temporal cortex

Question 10

function of mesiofrontal cortex

Answer 10

• provides INITIATIVE
• motivation
• goal-directed behavior
• micturition inhibitory center

Question 11

lesion of mesiofrontal cortex: symptoms

Answer 11

akinetic mutism, abulia (lack of motivation), incontinence

Question 12

what area of the brain drives spatial attention?

Answer 12

non-dominant parietal cortex

Question 13

lesion of R parietal cortex: symptoms

Answer 13

contralateral neglect and apraxia (inability to perform skilled task)

Question 14

Gerstmann syndrome

Answer 14

• lesion of dominant (L) parietal cortex

- symptoms: agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosias, R/L confusion

Question 15

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 15

• fluent aphasia
• lots of nonsensical words come out
• no comprehension
• impaired repitition

Question 16

vascular supply of Wernicke’s area

Answer 16

MCA

Question 17

conduction aphasia

Answer 17

inability to repeat (mediated by arcuate fasciculus)

Question 18

common cause of global aphasia

Answer 18

complete MCA stroke at its proximal origin (where ICA divides into MCA and ACA)

Question 19

kluver-bucy syndrome cause

Answer 19

injury to bilateral anterior temporal poles and bilateral amygdala

Question 20

degeneration of what occurs early in Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 20

hippocampal atrophy

Question 21

what are the primary and secondary blood supplies of the occipital pole?

Answer 21

primary: PCA
secondary: MCA

Question 22

Balint syndrome

Answer 22

• lesion of bilateral occipital-parietal pathway
• simultagnosia (inability to perceive visual field as a whole)
• optic ataxia: inability to point/reach for objects
• ocular apraxia: inability to look at objects using saccades
• can be caused by MCA-PCA watershed infarcts

Question 23

ACA-MCA watershed infarct

Answer 23

• “man in a barrel syndrome”

- caused by stenosis of ICA and systemic hypoperfusion