Speech, Language and Cerebral Dominance

Question 1

areas of “language” activation

Answer 1

left frontal, temporal, and parietal regions and right cerebellum

Question 2

when does “crowding” happen and why?

Answer 2

injury to left hemisphere between ages of 1 and 5 causes visual-spatial deficit due to language shifting to R hemisphere where visual-spatial function is located

Question 3

pathological left-handedness occurs in who?

Answer 3

left-handed epileptic patients with evidence of early brain damage

Question 4

anterior speech functions

Answer 4

word retrieval, word organization, syntax

Question 5

posterior speech functions

Answer 5

speech comprehension

Question 6

cause of aphonia

Answer 6

loss of peripheral innervation to muscles of vocal cords

Question 7

cause of mutism

Answer 7

bifrontal brain disease or bilateral lesions in supplementary motor area

Question 8

aphemia: what is it, cause

Answer 8

loss of capacity to verbalize; due to disconnection syndrome from a white matter lesion beneath Broca’s area

Question 9

dysarthria: what is it

Answer 9

impaired capacity to articulate speech sounds due to impaired neuromuscular control

Question 10

non-fluent aphasias occur in ______ brain regions

Answer 10

anterior

Question 11

fluent aphasias occur in ______ brain regions

Answer 11

posterior

Question 12

describe nonfluent speech

Answer 12

fewer than 3 words in an utterance, laborious in production, monotonic in delivery

Question 13

core language zones are those that surround what structure?

Answer 13

Sylvian fissure

Question 14

location of Wernicke’s area

Answer 14

posterior superior temporal gyrus

Question 15

location of Broca’s area

Answer 15

posterior and inferior frontal lobe

Question 16

arcuate fasciculus

Answer 16

band of white matter fibers that connects Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas, important for repetition speech

Question 17

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 17

nonfluent aphasia with repetition speech impaired

Question 18

what is preserved in transcortical aphasias?

Answer 18

repetition speech

Question 19

non-fluent aphasias (4)

Answer 19

mnemonic: GIBM

global, isolation, Broca’s, transcortical motor

Question 20

isolation aphasia

Answer 20

lesions of both transcortical motor and transcortical sensory are present, only repetition is spared

Question 21

conduction aphasia

Answer 21

fluent aphasia with impaired repetition speech but preserved comprehension

Question 22

lesions of angular gyrus cause what kind of aphasia?

Answer 22

transcortical sensory