Dietary excesses Flashcards
(2 cards)
Coronary heart disease and Cholesterol
Coronary heart disease occurs when the walls of the coronary arteries narrow due to a build up of cholesterol, this slowly blocks the flow of oxygen and rich blood through the coronary arteries to the heart
There may be no symptoms of CHD in the early stages, but as narrowing of the arteries continue it may have the following effects:
-Angina
-Occurs when cholesterol builds up restricting the blood supply causing a lack of oxygen in the heart leading to shortness of breath and chest pain
-Heart attack
-Occurs when a blood clot develops in an already narrowed artery blocking blood flow and cutting of the supply of oxygen to the heart causing chest pain
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a soft wax like substance produced by the liver or obtained by foods high in saturated fat a certain amount is normal for the body as it transports fat in the blood around the body
Risk factors associated with CHD
Controllable factors
-Smoking-Narrows blood vessels
-Excessive alcohol consumption-Increases risk of blood clots
-Lack of exercise-Causes LDLs to remain high
Dietary guidelines to reduce the risk of CHD
-Reduce intake of foods high in saturated fats e.g. butter
-Use unsaturated sources of fat e.g. rapeseed oil
-Reduce salt intake
Diabetes
Diabetes is an disorder associated with abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood this happens because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the insulin produced is ineffective
There are two types of diabetes Type 1 which is insulin-dependent and type 2 which is non-insulin-dependent
Type 1 Insulin-dependent
-The pancreas does not produce insulin
-Often hereditary and develops mainly through childhood and adolescence
-Controlled by injectable insulin and by diet and exercise
-Cannot be reversed
Type 2 non-insulin-dependent
-The pancreas produces insulin that cannot be used by the body
-Develops mainly through adulthood especially among overweight adults
-Controlled by medication or injectable insulin and by diet and exercise
-Can be reversed when a person loses a lot of body fat
