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hft prelim revision- nutrients > Dietary needs of different individuals > Flashcards

Dietary needs of different individuals Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 reasons why is breastfeeding important for infants/babies?

A

-Cost effective
-Babies and mothers can bond
-Good source of omega 3
-Provides all essential nutrients

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2
Q

Why is a nutritional diet important for babies and infants?

A

Going through rapid growth therefore a nutritional diet is vital

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3
Q

What are two ways you can feed babies/infants?

A

Breastfeeding and baby milk formula

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4
Q

What is it important to do if you are bottle feeding a baby?

A

Make sure the amounts are correct to ensure that the baby does not become overweight

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5
Q

Why are new mothers at a lower risk of developing breast cancer?

A

They loose an excess fat store that is gained during pregnancy

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6
Q

When should babies be weaned?

A

When they are at least 4-6 months old

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7
Q

Why should babies food be high in iron when weaning?

A

When born they have a store of iron which lasts 4-6 months, iron is required for brain development and red blood cell production

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8
Q

What should babies food not contain whilst?

A

Added salt, sugar or additives

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9
Q

Why is it important to introduce a variety of different foods when a baby is weaning?

A

To try different texture and flavours.
To alert parents of any allergies.

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10
Q

What is weaning?

A

A method of introducing solid food into a baby’s diet

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11
Q

Why should a variety of foods be introduced to toddlers?

A

Develops good eating habits at this age.
Can prevent childhood obesity

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12
Q

What are the essential nutrients needed as a toddler?

A

Carbs, Protein, Calcium phosphorous and vitamin D, Iron and vitamin C, and vitamin B complex

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13
Q

Why do toddlers need protein?

A

Children grow rapidly at this age therefore need protein for growth and new tissues.
Children have a tendency to fall therefore need it for repair of tissues.

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13
Q

Why do toddlers need carbohydrates in their diet?

A

Complex carbs release energy when kids are being active.

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14
Q

Why do toddlers need vitamin D, calcium and phosphorous in their diet?

A

Important for bone and teeth development.

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14
Q

Why do toddlers need vitamin B complex in their diet?

A

To release energy from food so they can run about and not be tired

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15
Q

Why do toddlers need iron and vitamin C in their diet?

A

Can help with cuts and wounds if children fall.
Helps prevent early anaemia.

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16
Q

What are two food choices you should make throughout childhood?

A
  1. Avoid giving children too many high sugary, salty and fatty foods.
  2. Choose low-fat dairy produce
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17
Q

Why are nutrients increased in teenagers compared to kids?

A

Teenagers have a rapid froth spurt and development

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18
Q

What are the essential nutrients needed as a teenager?

A

Carbs, Protein, Calcium phosphorous and vitamin D, Iron and vitamin C, and vitamin B complex

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19
Q

Why do teenagers need carbohydrates in their diet?

A

Required for energy particularly if active.
Males need more because they have larger bodies and tend to be more muscular

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20
Q

Why do teenagers need protein in their diet?

A

Needed for growth.
Repair broken tissues especially if a lot of sports are played.

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21
Q

Why do teenagers need calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D in their diet?

A

Adult skeleton develops, need for strong bone development.
Prevent osteoporosis later in life.

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22
Q

Why do teenagers need vitamin B complex in their diet?

A

Teens are active therefore need energy to be released from food

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23
Q

Why do teenagers need iron and vitamin C in their diet?

A

Menstruation occurs, need to prevent anaemia.
Helps with cut and wounds if teenager is sporty

24
Q

What are two food choices teenagers should make?

A
  1. Encourage to eat breakfast
  2. Try to stop grazing on high fat, salt and sugary snacks
25
Q

What are the essential nutrients that adults need?

A

Carbs, Iron and vitamin C, Calcium Phosphorous vitamin D, and Protein

26
Q

Why adults need carbohydrates in their diet?

A

Energy needed depending on activities and body size.

27
Q

Why do adults need protein in their diet?

A

Maintain healthy and repair cells, NOT needed for growth.

28
Q

Why do adults need calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D in their diet?

A

Required for bone maintenance and can prevent osteoporosis

29
Q

Why do adults need iron and vitamin C in their diet?

A

Needed to prevent anaemia.
Menstruation occurs.

30
Q

What are two food choices adults should make?

A
  1. Good intake of antioxidant vitamins
  2. Adults that are not active need to watch energy intake
31
Q

What essential nutrients should the elderly include in their diet?

A

Carbs, Calcium phosphorous and vitamin D, iron folic acid and vitamin C, and protein

32
Q

Why should elderly people include carbohydrates in their diet?

A

Elderly may be less active but still require complex carbohydrates

33
Q

Why should elderly people include protein in their diet?

A

May suffer from illness therefore need protein to recover and repair cells

34
Q

Why should elderly include calcium phosphorous and vitamin D in their diet?

A

Important to maintain bone strength.
Can be at risk of osteoporosis.

35
Q

Why should elderly people include iron, folic acid and vitamin C in their diet?

A

Can cause anaemia

36
Q

What two food choices should elderly people make ?

A
  1. Eat smaller portions of nutritionally dense foods
  2. Some elderly people loose their sense of taste and add excessive salt to meals
37
Q

What nutrients do pregnancy women need?

A

Carbs, Protein, Iron Calcium phosphorous and vitamin D, Iron, Vitamin C, Folic acid, Omega 3(essential fatty acids)

38
Q

Why do pregnant women need a varied balanced diet?

A

The baby takes all nutrients first therefore the mother may become deficient in certain nutrients

39
Q

Why do pregnant women need to include carbohydrates in their diet?

A

Requires more energy in the last three months.
Constipation is a problem during pregnancy therefore more NSP is required

40
Q

Why do pregnant women include protein in their diet?

A

Little additional protein is needed for development of unborn baby- too much can result in weight gain.

41
Q

Why do pregnant women need to include calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D in their diet?

A

Need for development of babies bones.
Need to make sure mother is in good supply.

42
Q

Why do pregnant women need to include iron in their diet?

A

Helps with babies brain development.
No extra is needed for mother as she in not on her menstrual cycle.

43
Q

Why do pregnant women need to include vitamin C in their diet?

A

Allows babies to grow and prevent anaemia in the mother.

44
Q

Why do pregnant women need to include folic acid in their diet?

A

Sufficient intake needed before becoming pregnant.
Needed for development of brain and nervous system in foetus.
Reduces risk of neural tube defects.

45
Q

Why do pregnant women need to include omega 3 in their diet?

A

Vital for unborn babies brain development

46
Q

What is lactation?

A

The process of producing milk for babies

47
Q

Why should mothers have a varied diet during breastfeeding?

A

To ensure the baby receives all necessary nutrients.

48
Q

What type of people need species requirements of iron?

A

Girls and women, pregnant women, babies, the injured and people recovering from surgery.

49
Q

What are 3 food safety rules that pregnant women should follow?

A
  1. Do not consumer liver as it contains too much vitamin A for baby
  2. Do not consume pate or soft cheeses as they contain bacteria
  3. Eggs should be thoroughly cooked to prevent food poisoning
50
Q

Why should vegetarians and vegans include carbohydrates in their diet?

A

Should be used for energy

51
Q

Why should vegetarians include protein in their diet?

A

Can get through eggs and LBV proteins- for growth and repair of body cells

52
Q

Why should vegans include protein in their diet?

A

Obtain from LBV proteins to help build up for shortage of essential amino acids

53
Q

Why should vegetarians include calcium in their diet?

A

Bone strength

54
Q

Why should vegans include calcium in their diet?

A

Obtained from tofu and milk- bone strength

55
Q

Why should vegetarians include fats in their diet?

A

Concentrated source of energy, provide warmth, protect vital organs ect

56
Q

Why should vegans include vitamin B12 in their diet?

A

Needed from supplements as it is only found in animal products- at risk of anaemia developing

57
Q

Why should vegans and vegetarians include vitamin C in their diet?

A

Good sources must be eaten to ensure that iron is absorbed and prevent anaemia

58
Q

Why should vegans and vegetarians include iron in their diet?

A

Iron from vegetables is not absorbed as well compared to red meat- anaemia can result

hft prelim revision- nutrients (7 decks)

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