Dietary Protein Flashcards

1
Q

where is food broken down into amino acids

A

the stomach

- acidic stomach conditions begin to breakdown food by the work of pepsin (pH 2)

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2
Q

where are the amino acids needed for protein synthesis obtained

A

food protein

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3
Q

after the stomach, where does food continue to be broken down

A

small intestine

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4
Q

what is protein turnover

A

proteins are continually being broken down and replaced, amino acids are recycled, some are used for metabolism

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5
Q

describe the role of protein maintenance in adults

A

total body protein fluctuates over short periods- decreased whilst fasting, increases after feeding
not usually a change over long periods

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6
Q

describe the role of protein maintenance in children

A

total fluctuates in the short term and also increases over time due to growth

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7
Q

what is deamination

A

carbon skeleton of amino acids can be oxidised to generate energy
nitrogen is not used to generate energy
the amine group is separated from the alpha carbon

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8
Q

outline the process of metabolism of ammonium ions

A

amino acid catabolism to produce ammonium ions

ammonium is toxic, it is converted to urea in the liver

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9
Q

what is the urea cycle

A

takes place in the liver hepatocytes
costs 4 high energy phosphate bonds
ornithine acts as a carrier for urea
urea NH2 groups form NH4+ and aspartate

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10
Q

how is urea disposed

A

via the kidneys as urine

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11
Q

what is the main source of nitrogen

A

protein

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12
Q

how is the need for protein determined

A

through nitrogen balance studies

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13
Q

what is an example of someone who will have a negative nitrogen balance

A

output is larger than input

trauma patient

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14
Q

what is an example of someone who will have a positive nitrogen balance

A

input is larger than output

growing child

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15
Q

what is an example of someone who will have a neutral nitrogen balance

A

healthy adult

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16
Q

what are the three types of amino acid

A

essential
conditionally essential
non-essential