Differences In Parenting Plan

Question 1

Complete the citations from P1
Siegal, 1987, Pakaluk & Price, 2002

Answer 1

Siegal, 1987 - reciprocal role theory - fathers more likely to use differential treatment for boys
Pakaluk & Price, 2002 - mother is more present and responsive, father is more protective and breadwinner

Question 2

What are differences between mothers and fathers?

Answer 2

Mothers = more accepting, responsive & supportive, more behaviourally controlling, demanding and autonomy granting (authoritative)
Fathers - more coercive, harsher and less concern (authoritarian)

Question 3

Complete the citations for P2 (personality)
Frost et al, 1991, Flett et al, 1995, Belsky & Barends 2002, Losoya et al, 1997, Prinzie et al, 2004, Losoya et al, 1991, Belsky et al, 1995

Answer 3

Frost et al, 1991 - perfectionism = harsher parenting
Flett et al, 1995 - maladaptive perfectionism associated with exposure to authoritarian
Belsky & Barends, 2002 - extraversion associated with authoritative
Losoya et al, 1997 - agreeableness associated with positive support, inversely associated with negative control
Prinzie et al, 2004 - high agreeableness associated with coercion
Losoya et al, 1991 - conscientiousness related to higher support and less negative control
Belsky et al, 1995 - neuroticism most predictive

Question 4

How does personality affect parenting?

Answer 4

Perfectionism = harsher
Authoritative = high Extraversion, openness and conscientiousness, low neuroticism
Authoritarian = high neuroticism, low extraversion, openness and agreeableness

Question 5

Complete the citations from P3
Masud et al, 2014, Chen et al, 1997, Wu, 1981, Lui & Gao, 2010, Garcia & Garcia, 2009

Answer 5

Masud et al, 2014 - Asian = more authoritarian compared to west
Chen et al, 1997 - authoritarian still positively associated to aggression, negative to peer acceptance despite positive
Wu, 1981 - emphasis on social hierarchy and discipline in Chinese culture
Lui & Gao, 2010 - Canadian more authoritative than Chinese
Garcia & Garcia - Spanish permissive show equal to/ better outcomes than authoritative

Question 6

Complete the citations from P4
Baumrind, 1991, Lamborn et al, 1991, Hoeve et al, 2008, Akinsola, 2011, Baumrind, 1991

Answer 6

Baumrind, 1991 - authoritative positive outcomes
Lambourn et al, 1991 - indulgent issues with internalising and externalising problems but good social skills & problem solving
Hoeve et al, 2008 = authoritarian negative outcomes e.g. aggression
Akinsola 2011 - same scores in achievement (academic/ need), social competence and locus of control for both authoritative & authoritarian
Baumrind, 1991 - neglect = least favourable, antisocial,l, poor self-reliance & social competence etc