Parenting

Question 1

What are the 4 aspects of family functioning (Baumrind, 1967)?

Answer 1

Warmth/ nurturance - secure attachment = high self-esteem, less delinquency, high empathy & IQ
Clarity & consistency of rules - control over child leading to less deviancy & aggression
Levels of expectations “maturity demands” - child isn’t restricted, avoid physical punishment
Communication between parent & child -blinked to more positive outcomes, worth listening to the child

Question 2

What are Baumrind’s 1967 parenting styles

Answer 2

Permissive (warmer & more autonomy giving)
Authoritative (mix of 4 dimensions)
Authoritarian (shape, control & evaluate child’s behaviour to fit absolute set of standards)

Question 3

What are Maccoby & Martin’s revised parenting styles

Answer 3

Based on combination of 2 dimensions - demandingness & responsiveness
Authoritative - high demand & high response (+ve outcomes)
Authoritarian - high demand & low response (less well in school, low self-esteem)
Indulgent/ permissive - low demand & high response (worse in school, more aggressive/ immmature)
Uninvolved - low demand & low response (Impulsive & antisocial, lack social skills)

Question 4

How did Maccoby & Martins work change Baumrind (1989:91)?

Answer 4

Added 4th style - neglectful (uninvolved)

Question 5

What are differences between mothers & fathers parenting characteristics?

Answer 5

Mothers = more accepting, responsive & supportive, behaviourally controlling, demanding & autonomy granting
Fathers = more restrictive, coercive & harsher & show less parental concern
Apply to both genders regardless of age

Question 6

What are the differences in parenting styles between parents?

Answer 6

Mothers = warmer & more confrontation parental control (authoritarian patterns)
Fathers = more coercive (authoritarian)
Perceived themself higher on parental dimensions (responsiveness & demandingness) than adolescents perceived them

Question 7

What are differences in parenting based on perfectionism?