Differential WBC Count/ Leukocytes

Question 1

list the granulocytes

Answer 1

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 2

list the agranulocytes

Answer 2

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 3

most numerous WBC in dogs/cats

Answer 3

neutrophils

Question 4

neutrophils are polymorphonuclear, what does this mean

Answer 4

no 2 nuclei are the same, “many-shaped nucleus”

Question 5

function of neutrophils

Answer 5

recognize foreign material, phagocytize it, granules contain enzymes to break down foreign material

Question 6

life span of neutrophils

Answer 6

10hrs

Question 7

define chemotactic factors

Answer 7

substances that attract cells to certain areas

Question 8

chemotactic factors of neutrophils

Answer 8

chemicals given off by debris (like cell membrane rupture)

Question 9

1st WBC on scene when foreign antigen enters body

Answer 9

neutrophils (use pseudopods, pieces of cytoplasm, to engulf)

Question 10

immature neutrophils are called what?

what causes their release?

Answer 10

Band cells, increased demand for neutrophils (like inflammation or infection, invader overpowers neutrophils) causes release

Question 11

what band cell nuclei look like

Answer 11

horseshoe shaped

Question 12

an increase in band cells is called a

this is a sign of

Answer 12

left shift

sign of inflammation or infection

Question 13

normal neutrophil range in dogs

Answer 13

60-70%

Question 14

most numerous cell in ruminants

Answer 14

lymphocytes

Question 15

possible causes of neutrophilia

Answer 15

(increased number of neutrophils) bacterial infection, physiologic stress (ex: hyperexcited or extreme exercise)

Question 16

possible causes of neutropenia

Answer 16

(decreased number of neutrophils) overwhelming infection destroying neutrophils

Question 17

what is a barr body (“sex lobe”)

Answer 17

extra appendage of chromatin found on nucleus of females

Question 18

granules of eosinophils contain proteins that are (basic or acidic) and stain what color

Answer 18

basic, stain red

Question 19

function of eosinophils

Answer 19

deactivate histamine (granules detoxify histamine)

Question 20

chemotactic factor of eosinophils

Answer 20

histamine

Question 21

eosinophilia indicates

Answer 21

(increased number of eosinophils) indicates allergic reaction or parasites

Question 22

normal eosinophil % in dogs

Answer 22

2-10%

Question 23

basophil granules are (acidic or basic) and stain what color?

Answer 23

acidic granules, stain dark blue

Question 24

basophil function

Answer 24

granules contain histamine and heparin, histamine released during allergic rxn, causes runny nose/eyes, airway constriction, hives

Question 25

normal basophil % in dogs

Answer 25

0-1%

Question 26

basophilia is a sign of

Answer 26

(increase basophil count) allergic rxn or parasitism

Question 27

most numerous agranulocyte (2nd most numerous WBC in dogs)

Answer 27

lymphocytes

Question 28

shape of lymphocyte nucleus

Answer 28

round, mononuclear

Question 29

where lymphocytes are located during fetal development vs post natal

Answer 29

fetus- originate in marrow | post natal- in lymph tissue

Question 30

lymphocyes recirculate in body and can live for how long

Answer 30

years

Question 31

function of lymphocytes

Answer 31

recognize antigens, produce antibodies

Question 32

WBC associated with foreign tissue rejection

Answer 32

lymphocytes

Question 33

what reactive lymphocytes look like

Answer 33

deep dark nucleus and dark cytoplasm

Question 34

a reactive lymphocyte is also called

Answer 34

sensitized lymph or immunocyte

Question 35

when do we see reactive lymphocytes

Answer 35

animal has been exposed to an antigen and is undergoing protein synthesis, seen in vaccinated animals (antibody production)

Question 36

normal % lymphocytes in dogs

Answer 36

12-30%

Question 37

lymphocytosis indicates

Answer 37

(increased lymphocytes) viral infection or vaccination

Question 38

lymphopenia indicates

Answer 38

``` (decreased lymphocytes) physiologic stress (starvation, chronic pain, etc.), severe disease, steroid therapy ```

Question 39

which is larger, lympocytes or monocytes

Answer 39

monocytes

Question 40

how monocytes differ from lymphocyes in appearance

Answer 40

monocytes have slightly indented nucleus and vacuoles, cytoplasm stains a bit darker

Question 41

immature form of macrophage

Answer 41

monocyte

Question 42

function of monocytes

Answer 42

remove dead/damaged cells (phagocytosis), cleans debris of infection

Question 43

chemotactic factor of monocytes

Answer 43

dead or dying cells

Question 44

normal monocyte % in dogs

Answer 44

3-10%

Question 45

monocytosis indicates

Answer 45

(increase in monocytes) indicates chronic disease, supurative disease (pus producing)

Question 46

examples of suppurative diseases

Answer 46

absess, pyometra, absess tuberculosis, (anything pus producing)

Question 47

how to calculate absolute WBC values

Answer 47

total WBC count /ul x % of cell line (ex: 9400 total cells x .63 (63%))