Intro to Hematology

Question 1

define serology

Answer 1

examination of bodily fluids (serum or plasma)

Question 2

what serology can determine

Answer 2

presence of disease via antibodies

Question 3

define clincal chemistry

Answer 3

examination of bodily fluids for changes in organ function

Question 4

define parasitology

Answer 4

examination of feces and other samples for determination of parasites

Question 5

define cytology

Answer 5

study of cells found in body fluids and cavities to determine organ changes

Question 6

what is a vacutainer

Answer 6

tubes w vaccum inside

Question 7

vacutainer tube sizes (micro, pediatric, standard)

Answer 7

micro- 1cc or less
pediatric- 2-3cc
standard- 7-10cc

Question 8

what is a whole blood sample

Answer 8

blood sample with anticoagulant added so it wont clot

Question 9

list the types of anticoagulants

Answer 9

Heparin, EDTA (ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid), citrates, oxalates

Question 10

anticoagulant that is naturally occuring and found in many tissues

Answer 10

Heparin

Question 11

what tests we use heparin for

Answer 11

blood chemistries, not hematology tests bc interferes w staining of cells

Question 12

green top vacutainers contain which anticoagulant

Answer 12

Heparin

Question 13

EDTA, Citrate, and Oxalate clot by doing what

Answer 13

binding to calcium

Question 14

choice anticoagulant for hematology testing, why

Answer 14

EDTA; doesnt interfere w staining, preserves cell walls

Question 15

define hematology

Answer 15

study of blood, looking at cells and constituents to determine infection, anemia, allergic rxn, etc

Question 16

purple top vacutainers contain which anticoagulant

Answer 16

EDTA

Question 17

main use for citrate anticoagulant

Answer 17

specific clotting tests in animals who may clotting disorders

Question 18

light blue vacutainers contain which anticoagulant

Answer 18

citrate

Question 19

what oxalate anticoagulants contain

Answer 19

Na, K, Lithium, sometimes sodium fluride

Question 20

grey vacutainers contain which anticoagulant

Answer 20

oxalate

Question 21

where to draw blood from on horse,

cow?

Answer 21

horse- jugular vein

cow- jugular, coccygeal

Question 22

where to draw blood from on a pig

Answer 22

anterior vena cava, aural vein, coccygeal

Question 23

where to draw blood on rabbit

Answer 23

aural vein

Question 24

why we try to keep the animal calm when drawing blood (besides vein damage)

Answer 24

epinephrine can change constituents

Question 25

what can happen if needle used to draw blood is too small for animal

Answer 25

damage blood cells

Question 26

what can happen if syringe used to draw blood is too big

Answer 26

collapse vein bc neg pressure

Question 27

what are erythrocytes

Answer 27

RBCs

Question 28

what are leukocytes

Answer 28

WBCs

Question 29

what are thrombocytes

Answer 29

platelets (pieces of cytoplasm from other cells in bone marrow)

Question 30

what is plasma

Answer 30

fluid in a whole blood sample (contains serum and clotting proteins)

Question 31

what is serum

Answer 31

fluid from blood sample w/o any anticoagulant added

Question 32

largest fraction of cells made, made in bone marrow

Answer 32

erythrocytes (RBCs)

Question 33

function of the bi-concave shape of erythrocytes

Answer 33

max surface area for gas exchange

Question 34

red pigment in erythrocytes, what it does

Answer 34

hemoglobin; binds to O2 and CO2

Question 35

which has a nucleus, erythrocytes or leukocytes

Answer 35

leukocytes

Question 36

hemolysis v crenation

Answer 36

bursting of blood cells; shrinking

Question 37

list in order from smallest to largest; erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

Answer 37

thrombocytes, erythrocytes, leukocytes

Question 38

a solid red top tube contains, and is used for

Answer 38

no coagulant, used for serum samples (centrifuge clot to bottom, remove serum)

Question 39

what red+ black marbled tops are used for

Answer 39

it is a serum separator tube; put blood in and centrifuge, the layer at the bottom of the tube rises above the clot, serum sample at top

Question 40

where leukocytes are made

Answer 40

marrow and lymphoid system

Question 41

list in terms of amount in blood, less to most(erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes)

Answer 41

erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leukocytes

Question 42

how thrombocytes function in clotting

Answer 42

form first plug during vessel injury

Question 43

where thrombocytes are made

Answer 43

in marrow (pieces of other cells in marrow)

Question 44

Which color top is usually used for antibody studies in animals

Answer 44

Red