Differentiation Flashcards
(25 cards)
Sum of all changes that an organism goes through its life cycle
Development
3 Developmental Processes
Growth, Morphogenesis and Cell Differentiation
Irreversible increase in size
Growth
Becoming specialized in structure and function
Differentiation
Can cell division, morphogenesis and cell differentiation be observed in both animal and plant development?
Yes
In animals, what occurs between the development from Blastula to Gastrula
Cell movement
Morphogenesis occurs throughout the ___ of a plant.
Lifetime
Meristems can give rise to different ____
Plant organs
Development of specific structures in specific locations
Pattern formation
Condition of having structural differences at opposite ends of an organism (E.g. roots and shoots)
Polarity
Morphogenesis and Differentiation are controlled by?
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors/Controls
Intrinsic control - genetic, programmed gene expression
Intracellular control
What dictates what type of cell will be formed?
Gene expression
Stimulates the growth of the shoots
Cytokinin
Environment cues, such as light, temperature and gravity
Extrinsic controls
All cells of an organism have the same genes
Genomic equivalence
Can a root cell of a carrot, make a new WHOLE organism?
Yes. Because of genomic equivalence and totipotency
Cells can retain a zygote’s potential to form all parts of a mature organism
Totipotency
From specialized to unspecialized
Dedifferentiate
From specialized to unspecialized
Dedifferentiate
Why are there differences in cell types, despite genomic equivalence among cells?
Differential Gene Expression
Controlled expression of different genes by cells within the same genome
Differential Gene Expression
Central dogma
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Do different cell types synthesize and accumulate different sets of RNA and protein molecules?
True
