Plant Cells and Tissues

Question 1

Plants being living organisms are composed of?

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

Group of cells that perform specialized functions

Answer 2

Tissues

Question 3

Several tissue types that carry out a specific function

Answer 3

Organs

Question 4

Three basic cell types in plants:

Answer 4

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma

Question 5

The three basic cell types are based off of their?

Answer 5

Cell wall composition

Question 6

PARENCHYMA:

Answer 6

Thin primary walls
Typically alive at maturity
Many functions (metabolic functions)

Question 7

COLLENCHYMA:

Answer 7

Uneven thickened primary walls
Typically alive at maturity
Provides flexible support

Question 8

Collenchyma provides flexible support without ___

Answer 8

Restraining growth

Question 9

SCLERENCHYMA:

Answer 9

• primary walls + thick secondary walls
• many dead at maturity
• provide RIGID support
• some (tracheary elements) are involved in water transport

Question 10

Cell type that acts as the skeleton of the plant:

Answer 10

Sclerenchyma

Question 11

Cell walls of parenchyma composition?

Answer 11

Mostly cellulose

Question 12

Do parenchyma cells have secondary walls?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Perform most of the cells’ metabolic function

Answer 13

Parenchyma cells

Question 14

Are parenchyma cells totipotent?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

A mature parenchyma usually has a ___

Answer 15

Large central vacuole

Question 16

Parenchyma subtype with big intracellular spaces; function?

Answer 16

Aerenchyma, for gas exchange

Question 17

Subtype of parenchyma for Photosynthesis

Answer 17

Chlorenchyma

Question 18

The thin walls of chlorenchyma cells function for

Answer 18

Light absorption

Question 19

Mesophyll layers contain ___ cells

Answer 19

Chlorenchyma

Question 20

Parenchyma subtype for protection

Answer 20

Boundary parenchyma

Question 21

The cuticle protects against?

Answer 21

Injury, water loss and infection

Question 22

Parenchyma subtype for storage

Answer 22

Storage parenchyma

Question 23

Potato tuber is a modified ___

Answer 23

Stem

Question 24

Subtype of parenchyma that keeps the plant growing

Answer 24

Meristematic parenchyma

Question 25

Where are meristematic parenchyma located?

Answer 25

Terminal ends; Root and Shoot apical meristem

Question 26

Meristematic parenchyma are ___ active

Answer 26

Mitotically

Question 27

Lateral meristems:

Answer 27

Vascular and Cork cambium

Question 28

Collenchyma cells are usually grouped in ___

Answer 28

Strands

Question 29

Collenchyma cells have secondary walls?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

Collenchyma cells can be found immediately after the ___

Answer 30

Epidermis

Question 31

Types of cell wall thickening in collenchyma cells

Answer 31

Angular Tangential Annular Lacunar

Question 32

Sclerenchyma cells have thick secondary walls with ___

Answer 32

Lignin (NonCarbohydrate)

Question 33

Why are sclerenchyma cells dead at maturity?

Answer 33

To serve their function for structural support

Question 34

Two types of Sclerenchyma cells:

Answer 34

Sclereids and Fibers

Question 35

Protects the bulb scale of garlic

Answer 35

Epidermal sclereids

Question 36

Vessels and Tracheids can be found in the ___

Answer 36

Xylem

Question 37

Vessels are ___ compared to tracheids

Answer 37

Wider and shorter, with thinner secondary walls

Question 38

In between vessels, there are ___

Answer 38

Perforation plates

Question 39

In tracheids, water moves through the ___

Answer 39

Pits

Question 40

Bordered pitted is more ___ than simple pitted

Answer 40

Durable

Question 41

Two types of tissues in plants

Answer 41

Simple and Complex

Question 42

Two types of water conducting cells in Xylem

Answer 42

Tracheids and Vessel elements

Question 43

Tracheids are found in ___

Answer 43

All vascular plants

Question 44

Vessel elements are ___

Answer 44

Common to most angiosperms and a few gymnosperms

Question 45

The phloem is composed of

Answer 45

Sugar conducting cells

Question 46

Types of Sugar conducting cells:

Answer 46

Sieve tube elements and Sieve plates

Question 47

Each sieve tube element has a ___

Answer 47

Companion cell

Question 48

In between two sieve tube elements, there are ___

Answer 48

Sieve plates

Question 49

Each plant organ has ___, ___, and ___

Answer 49

dermal, vascular and ground tissues

Question 49

Each plant organ has ___, ___, and ___

Answer 49

dermal, vascular and ground tissues

Question 50

The veins of leaves are ___ tissues.

Answer 50

Vascular

Question 51

Tissue system that is the outer protective covering of the plant

Answer 51

Dermal tissue system

Question 52

Tissue system that carries out long distance transport of materials between roots and shoots

Answer 52

Vascular tissue system

Question 53

Conveys WATER and dissolved minerals upwards from roots into the shoots

Answer 53

Xylem

Question 54

Conveys WATER and dissolved minerals upwards from roots into the shoots

Answer 54

Xylem

Question 55

Transports ORGANIC NUTRIENTS from where they are made to where they are needed

Answer 55

Phloem

Question 56

Collective term for the vascular tissue of a stem or root

Answer 56

Stele

Question 57

In angiosperms, the stele of the root is a solid central ___

Answer 57

Vascular cylinder

Question 58

The vascular tissue of stems and leaves is divided into ___, strands of xylem and phloem.

Answer 58

Vascular bundles

Question 59

Tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular

Answer 59

Ground tissue system

Question 60

Ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue

Answer 60

Pith

Question 61

Ground tissue external to the vascular tissue

Answer 61

Cortex

Question 62

Perpetually embryonic, dividing tissues, that allow for indeterminate growth

Answer 62

Meristems

Question 63

Where are apical meristems located?

Answer 63

Tips of roots Tips of shoots Axillary buds of shoots

Question 64

Elongation of shoots and roots

Answer 64

Primary growth

Question 65

Addition of thickness or girth to woody plants

Answer 65

Secondary growth

Question 66

Adds layers of vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem

Answer 66

Vascular cambium

Question 67

Replaces epidermis with periderm, which is thicker and tougher

Answer 67

Cork cambium

Question 68

Do monocots undergo secondary growth?

Answer 68

No

Question 69

Can primary and secondary growth occur simultaneously?

Answer 69

Yes, but in different locations.