Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiology I > Diffusion and Osmosis > Flashcards

Diffusion and Osmosis Flashcards

(103 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

simple diffusion is an example of what

A

passive transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

if there is lower concentration on right and higher on left side of membrane, there is a what

A

concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

if there is lower concentration on right and higher on left side of membrane, what direction will solute do

A

go downhill, towards right.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is goal of solute

A

equalize its concentration. it does this by going down concentration gradient until there is none concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what factors can affect simple diffusion

A

concentration gradient*

the level of gradient, it will move faster the biggere the concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

potassium is 140 inside the cell and 4 outside the cell, which is a gradient for potassium to leave cell. if the potassium outside if 50, what does that mean

A

less potassium ions will move out of cell, so there is not as great of flux b/c of reduced concentration gradient, so the rate of flux of solute will be affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

draw graph of net flux vs. concentration gradient

A

pg 10 ppt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Fick’s first law of diffusion

A

J = DA(Ca-Cb)/ ∆X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does J stand for in Fick’s 1st law of diffusion

A

flow of solute from region A to region B in the solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does D stand for in Fick’s fist law of diffusion

A

diffusion coefficient of the solute in a given solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does A stand for in Fick’s first law of diffusion

A

cross-sectional area thru which the flow of solute is measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

if number in denominator is bigger what happens to flux

A

flux goes down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

if number in numberator is bigger what happens

A

flux goes up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does Ca-Cb stand for in fick’s first law

A

the difference in [solute] between regions A & B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does ∆X stand for in fick’s first law of diffusion

A

the distance between regions A and B (membrane thickness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does membrane thickness do to flux

A

The thinner the membrane, the more permeable it is to various molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does temperature do to flux

A

The higher the temperature, the greater the permeability. This factor is rarely important because of the constancy of temperature in the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

an electrical potential difference across a cell membrane will cause what even if there is not a concentration gradietn

A

movement of ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

anion on inside, cations outside, where will a negative charged ion go

A

outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

really high lipid solubility, high

A

permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

more lipid a solute is:

A

faster flux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The thinner the membrane, the more:

A

permeable it is to various molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name three times that D (the diffusion coefficient) decreases

A

temp. decreases
size of molecule increases
viscosity of solvent increaes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The smaller the molecule, what happens to permeability?

A

increases

smaller= more permeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The larger and more irregularly shaped the molecule, what happens to permeability?
decreases | lower permeability
26
If there is no concentration gradient, but there is electrical potential, what will happen?
ion will move across membrane
27
what is the permeability coefficient (P)
includes the membrane thickness, diffusion coefficient of solute within the membrane, solubility of solute in the membrane
28
what does P stand for
permeability coefficient
29
what is equation with the permeability coeffieicent
J = PA(∆C)
30
higher lipid soluble, what will happen via cell membrane
faster it will translocate across cell membrane
31
the bigger the molecule, what happens to P (permeability)
lower | the harder it is for solute molecule to get across
32
why does thickness of membrane slow down flux
the solute has to move across more space, takes a long time for it to move across
33
water will always move in which direction regarding solute concentration
toward highest solute concentration
34
what is van't hoff's equation
pi = nCRT
35
what does R stand for
ideal gas constant
36
What does t stand for
absolute temperature
37
What does C stand for
the molar concentration of solute
38
what does n stand for
number of ions formed by dissociation of a solute molecule
39
what does pi stand for
osmotic pressure
40
always assume cell osmolarity is what
290mOsm/L
41
75 sodium chloride is how what osmolarity
150 mOsm/L
42
at physiologic concentrations the molecules can't do what
completely exert their osmotic pressure
43
because molecules don't completely associate they introduce what
osmotic coeffeicient
44
What does Φ mean
what amount can use its force
45
what does Φ stand for
osmotic coefficient
46
what is normal osmolarity range in ECF
275-300 mOsm/L
47
what is normal cell osmolarity in ICF
300 mOsm/L
48
every day, intake of water has to equal
outake
49
how does intake of water equal outake
homeostatic control mechanisms
50
ADH stands for
anti-diahretic hormon
51
what does ADH do
you will retain water, won't urinate as much. thirst mechanism stimulated. try to bring back water balance
52
define osmolarity
osmolarity in ECF as it relates to cell osmolarity
53
what is isoosmotic solution
total osmotic presssure of solution is equal to that of the cell 300 outside
54
what happens to water movement in isoosmotic solution
no water movement
55
hyperosmotic solution
greater amount of solute molecules oustide the cell | water moves outside cell into ECF
56
what happens to water in hyperosmotic solution
it moves to ECF | cell volume shrinks
57
hypoosmotic solution
solute is lower outside than inside cell water moves into cell hypo it's gonna blow
58
what happens to water movement in hypoosmotic solution
water moves into cell
59
transient changes happen when in regards to cell volume
first
60
what is transient change
temporary, not permanent change, responds changes in extracellular concentration of permeant solutes
61
transient changes caused by
permeant solutes
62
what is example of permeant solutes
urea
63
tonicity of solution is determined by what
impermeant solues
64
what does tonicity determine
steady-state cell volume
65
isoosmotic solution & isotonic solution
no transient change in cell volume | no change of steady state cell volume
66
what hypotonicity do you have to have to burst the cells?
if you half the concentration of sodium chloride you will burst 50% of the cells
67
if cells are super hypertonic what are they called
creamated
68
what happens when water is added to ECF | ECF & ICF osmolarity & volume and what happens to cell
``` cells will swell ECF volume: increase ECF osmolarity: decrease ICF volume: increase ICF osmolarity: decrease ```
69
what is first thing that is going to hapen when water is added to ECF
ECF expanded
70
what happens to osmolarity when water added ECF
it decreases b/c more water is added to it diltues it
71
more water in ECF than ICF what will happen
water will go to ICF, cells will swell
72
SIADH stands for what
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
73
What happens in SIADH
too much ADHD secreted | ECF diluted
74
what is hyponatremia
if sodium goes below 135 mEq/L
75
who is most likely to have hyponatremia
Infants, elderly, military personnel, marathon runners
76
What is the major determinant of osmolality in ECF?
Na+
77
What is the major determinant of osmolality in ICF?
K+
78
if ECF is 140 mM NaCl what is the tonicity?
isotonic
79
If ECF is 100 mM NaCl what is the tonicity?
hypotonic
80
If ECF is 180 mM NaCl what is the tonicity?
hypertonic
81
urea is an example of what kind of solute
permeant
82
adding urea to ECF will cause what response?
increase ECF osmolality initially will shrink cells eventually it will equilibriate across cell membrane - cells back to initial volume
83
what is a permeant solute
give rise to temporary change in osmotic pressure
84
what affect does isotonic or normal saline in IV have when added to ECF
fluid will stay in ECF b/c it's isotonic, ultimately it expands ECF
85
What are the affects to ECF & ICF volume & osmolarity when isotonic/normal saline are added
ECF volume: increase ECF osmolarity: no change ICF volume: no change ICF osmolarity: no change
86
what affect does adding hypertonic saling to ECF have?
osmolarity greatly increases initially fluid drawn out of cells cells srhink
87
what are affects to ECF & ICF volume & osmolarity when hypertonic saline to ECF is added
ECF volume: increase ECF osmolarity: increase ICF volume: decrease ICF osmolarity: increase
88
anytime concentration of sodium is less than 135 mEq/L what is it
hyponatremia
89
hyponatremia, what is happening
too much water in ECF so diluting electorlight
90
describe SIADH
too much ADH - too much water, will dilute electorlites
91
what is normal saline
140-145 mM (or round to 150)
92
when would you give hypertonic saline
when you want water to move out of cell - pt has very low sodium (hyponatremia)
93
in hypotonic solution what is happening
less sodium chloride than normal so water goes into cell, cell swells
94
what does RVI stand for
regulatory volume increase
95
what does RVD stand for
regulatory volume decrease
96
if cell swells what mechanism is put in place
RVD
97
if cell shrinks what mechanism is put in place
RVI
98
RVD mechanism - what happens
solutes go out, so potasium, Cl- etc will leave cell so water follows
99
what feedback mechanism is RVD
negative feedback mechanism so volume goes back to normal
100
in RVI what happens
solutes go into cell so water follows | so K+, 2Cl, Na+ etc goes into cell
101
for RVD what is the main solute moving
mainly potassium transport
102
for RVI what is main solute moving
mainly sodium moving
103
what is decreased skin turgor
skin isn't flexible

Physiology I (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions