Dig 3

Question 0

What are the intestinal enzymes

Answer 0

Peptidases, sucrase, maltase, and lactase

Question 1

In the small intestine what stimulates the secretion of epithelium of the intestinal glands

Answer 1

Presence of food in the duodenum

Question 2

Which enzyme completes the digestion of proteins by breaking down short polypeptide chains two amino acids

Answer 2

Peptidases

Question 3

Sucrase, maltase, and lactase digest what

Answer 3

Disaccharides sucrose, maltose, and lactose into monosaccharides

Question 4

What cells of the intestinal glands secrete hormones of the small intestine

Answer 4

Enteroendocrine cells

Question 5

What are the circular folds that are macroscopic folds of the mucosa and submucosa, somewhat like accordion pleats

Answer 5

Plica circulares

Question 6

What gives the inner surface of small intestine a velvet like appearance

Answer 6

Villi

Question 7

What are microscopic folds of the cell membrane and are collectively called the brush border

Answer 7

Microvilli

Question 8

What is within each Villus

Answer 8

A capillary network and a lack teal, which is a dead end Lympth capillary

Question 9

What water soluble nutrients are absorbed into the blood in the capillary network’s

Answer 9

Monosaccharides, amino acids, positive ions, and the water soluble vitamins C and B

Question 10

What is absorbed by osmosis following the absorption of minerals especially sodium

Answer 10

Water

Question 11

What does the nutrient vitamin B12 require for absorption

Answer 11

The intrinsic factor which is produced by the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa

Question 12

For a fishing obstruction of calcium ions what does it require

Answer 12

It requires parathyroid hormone and vitamin D

Question 13

Where are fat soluble nutrients absorbed

Answer 13

Into the Lymph in the lacteals of the villi

Question 14

Bile salts are necessary for the efficient absorption of what

Answer 14

Fatty acids and the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K

Question 15

Months fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed the fatty acids are we combined with what to form triglycerides

Answer 15

Glycerol

Question 16

Triglycerides will then form globules that include what

Answer 16

Cholesterol and protein

Question 17

The liquid protein complexes are called what

Answer 17

Chylomicrons

Question 18

In the form of chylomicrons most absorb that is transmitted by the lymph and eventually enters the blood in what vein

Answer 18

Left subclavian vein

Question 19

Blood from the capillary network’s in the villi does not return directly to the harbor first travels through what vein

Answer 19

The portal vein to the liver

Question 20

The large intestine is how big

Answer 20

2.5 inches in diameter and 5 feet long

Question 21

Where is the large intestine

Answer 21

It extends from the ileum of the small intestine to the anus

Question 22

What is the first portion of the large intestine called

Answer 22

Cecum

Question 23

The junction of the cecum and the ileum

Answer 23

Ileocecal valve

Question 24

What is the purpose of the ileocecal valve

Answer 24

After undigested food, which is now cellulose, and water passing to the cecum this fold will press flat during peristalsis and close which prevents the backflow of fecal material into the ileum

Question 25

What is a small dead end tube with abundant lymphatic tissue that is attached to the cecum

Answer 25

Appendix

Question 26

What does the remainder of the colon consist of

Answer 26

A sending, transverse, and descending colon which encircled the small intestine. The sigmoid colon turns medially and downward. The rectum and the anal canal

Question 27

What disorder of the intestines is the cessation of contraction of smooth muscle layer in the intestine

Answer 27

Paralytic ileus

Question 28

What causes a paralytic ileus

Answer 28

Possibly from abdominal surgery or the result of peritonitis or inflammation somewhere in the abdominal cavity

Question 29

With a paralytic ileus the absence of peristalsis can cause what

Answer 29

Intestinal obstruction. Bowel movements cease and vomiting occurs to relieve pressure within the elementary tube

Question 30

Treatment for a paralytic ileus

Answer 30

Suctioning the intestinal contents to eliminate any obstruction and to allow the intestine to regain its normal motility

Question 31

What is the inability to digest lactose because of a deficiency of the enzyme lactase

Answer 31

Lactose intolerant

Question 32

What causes salmonella food poisoning

Answer 32

Bacteria in the genus salmonella. These are part of the intestinal flora of animals and animal foods such as meat and eggs maybe sources infection

Question 33

What are small outpouching's through weekend areas of the intestinal wall likely to occur in the: then in the small intestine and may exist for years without causing any symptoms

Answer 33

Diverticula

Question 34

What is the most serious complication of diverticula

Answer 34

Perforation of diverticula allowing fecal matter into the abdominal cavity causing peritonitis

Question 35

What is a important aspect of prevention of diverticulitis

Answer 35

A diet high in fiber to provide bulk in the colon and prevent weakening of it's wall

Question 36

Where is botulism most often acquired

Answer 36

From food. The spores of the botulism bacteria are in an anaerobic, without oxygen, environment such as a can of food, they germinate into active bacteria and produce a neurotoxin

Question 37

What is the characteristic of botulism

Answer 37

Paralysis

Question 38

Why is botulism bad for an infant

Answer 38

And infants stomach does not produce much HCl, so the spores will not be destroyed. Also, the infants normal colon flora is not established without this the bacteria may Germany and produce their toxin.

Question 39

What has been traced to many cases of infant botulism

Answer 39

Honey that was found to contain botulism spores

Question 40

Who does botulism harm the most

Answer 40

Infants. Children and adults have a normal colon flora that prevents the botulism bacteria from becoming established

Question 41

The longitudinal smooth muscle layer of the colon is in three bands called

Answer 41

Taeinae coli

Question 42

What are the puckered or pockets called in the colon which provide more surface area

Answer 42

Haustra

Question 43

What is the function of the colon

Answer 43

To absorb water minerals and vitamins and aluminate undigested material

Question 44

The vitamins absorbed in the colon are those that were produced by what

Answer 44

Normal flora, the trillions of bacteria that live in the colon

Question 45

Everything that is absorbed by the Colon will circulate to what Organ first

Answer 45

The liver by way of portal circulation

Question 46

What is a Nother function of normal colon Flora

Answer 46

To inhibit the growth of pathogens

Question 47

Does feces consist of

Answer 47

Cellulose and other undigestible material, Dead and living bacteria, and water

Question 48

What to reflexes occur with peristalsis in the stomach and the duodenum

Answer 48

Gastrocolic reflex and duodencolic reflex

Question 49

What brings about that gastrocolic reflex and the duodencolic reflux

Answer 49

The enteric nervous system

Question 50

How is the elimination of feces accomplished

Answer 50

By the defecation reflex, a spinal cord reflects that may be controlled voluntarily

Question 51

What surrounds the anus and is made of smooth muscle

Answer 51

Internal anal sphincter

Question 52

As part of the reflex what does the internal anal sphincter do

Answer 52

It relaxes to permit defecation

Question 53

What sphincter is made of skeletal muscle and surrounds the internal anal sphincter

Answer 53

The external anal sphincter

Question 54

If defecation is delayed what will voluntarily contract and close the anus

Answer 54

The external sphincter

Question 55

What are the liver cells

Answer 55

Hepatocytes

Question 56

Where does blood flow through in the liver

Answer 56

Sinusoids (capillaries)

Question 57

What is the function of the liver

Answer 57

Carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid metabolism Synthesis of plasma proteins Formation of Bilirubin Phagocytosis by Kupffer cells Storage of fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K and water soluble vitamin B 12 Detoxification

Question 58

What vitamins are part of some of the proteins that are needed for cell respiration

Answer 58

Copper and iron

Question 59

Iron is needed for hemoglobin and myoglobin to enable these proteins to what

Answer 59

Bond to oxygen

Question 60

What is a toxic substance produced by the bacteria in the colon

Answer 60

Ammonia

Question 61

What does the liver converts ammonia into

Answer 61

Urea

Question 62

What is inflammation of the liver

Answer 62

Hepatitis

Question 63

Which hepatitis is an intestinal virus spread by the fecal oral route

Answer 63

Hepatitis A

Question 64

Which hepatitis is contracted by exposure to the bodily fluids of an infected person, including blood and semen

Answer 64

Hepatitis B

Question 65

Which hepatitis is also present in bodily fluids and is spread by blood or mucus membrane contact.

Answer 65

Hepatitis C