Digestion Flashcards
How does the liver help with digestion
It does not make enzymes but makes Byatt emulsify fits to increase the surface area
What is a small intestine
Long chat with large surface area due to villi to absorb digested food molecules
What enzyme is contained in saliva
Amylase- breaks down carbohydrates. The enzyme amylase is responsible for partially breaking the bonds between complex starch molecules producing a simple sugar called Maltose. Amylase has an optimum pH of seven this is where it breaks down starch molecules of the greatest rate
Describe the oesophagus
The oesophagus is a long tube lined with very strong circular and longitudinal muscles, these help push the bolus down to the stomach. The muscles relax and contract like a wave for pushing the Bolus down this is known as peristalsis
What is in the stomach
Mucus and digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid. The muscles of the stomach churn the food as it enters the oesophagus, breaking it down and further mixing it with a gastric juice. This makes chemical digestion more efficient, the mucus forms of protective barrier between the walls of the stomach and the acid in the gastric juice this stops the acid from irritating the lining of the stomach
Describe the use of pepsin and the environment it lives in.
Pepsin is released from cells into stomach lining. As the stomach is so acidic, pepsin has an optimum pH of around two. Pepsin begins to break down the proteins found in peptides. This process slowly liquefies the food in the stomach.
What is chyme
The liquid mixture of food acid mucus and digestive enzymes in the stomach Is called chyme. After about four hours, the chyme is ready to leave the stomach. It moves into the small intestine, ready for the next stage of digestion
Role of incisor
A chisel shaped tooth used to cut food
Role of canine tooth
Canines are used for tearing and ripping food apart
Role of molar
Role of molar is to crush and finely grind food particles
Sketch a tooth
Make sure to label enamel, Dentine, pulp cavity, nerves and blood vessels, gum, bone, crown and root
Why do humans have more than one type of tooth
Because different teeth do different jobs. Incisors cut, canines tear, pre-molars and molars crush/grind
Where is the salivary enzyme amylase located and what does it do
The enzyme is located in the mouth. It is released from the salivary glands, and coverts starch to maltose and glucose complex molecules
What is physical digestion and where does it occur
Physical digestion is the breakdown of food in the mouth using the teeth and Oesophagus to break food particles into soluble pieces
What is the main purpose of digestion
Digestion is a process of breaking large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones that can be absorbed into the bloodstream, which is required for the body and cells to be able to receive the nutrients it needs for energy
