Microorganisms Flashcards
Draw and label the structure of bacteria, fungi and a virus
Bacteria- cellwall, cell membrane, nuclear material, flagella and capsule
Virus- nuclear material and protein casing
Fungi- sporangium, hyphae, spores
Explain how each micro organism is grown
Bacteria- agar plate incubator- colony’s are small and round
Virus- on living tissue only, a living cell, living organism
Fungi- rotting food, bread, agar
Colony’s are large and fuzzy
What are some uses of fungi in our daily life
For symbiotic relation - eg. plants helps benefit growth of plants
For medicine- antibiotics and penicillin was developed
For food- Breads, cheese, kombucha,etc
Why is bacteria important
Important for ecosystems- help decompose and can aid plants
Bacteria can strain other type of pathogens growing on ours skin
Help break down food and produce vitamins
Fight and remove pathogens
Bacteria feeding- how does it feed
It either uses extra cellular digestion- secretes enzymes, breaks down food in the cell and absorbs food back into the membrane.
Or the cell swallows the food and the bacteria surrounds it and pinched it off its membrane and to form a vacuole
How do bacteria reproduce
By using binary fission, the bacterium divides into two daughter cells (DNA replicates)
Bacteria and fungi respiration
In order to respire they need food. These combined with oxygen (aerobic respiration) or without (anaerobic) form carbon dioxide and water (aerobic) or carbon dioxide and alcohol (anaerobic).when nutrients run out they stop reproduction and therefore die
Fungi what happens when the respire and excrete
They release CO2 (good for plants)
What to fungi feed on
They feed and break down dead organic matter or amino acids and proteins
Effects of antibiotics on bacteria
Antibiotics fight bacteria infections either by killing bacteria or slowing down growth. They do this by attacking the wall surrounding bacteria and interfering with bacteria reproduction
Antibiotic resistant bacteria
Bacteria that aren’t controlled or killed by antibiotics. They are able to survive and reproduce in the presence of antibiotics.
Why is antibiotic resistance bad
These antibiotic resistant bacteria can infect humans and animals and the infections they cause are harder to treat that those caused by non resistant bacteria. It leads to higher medical costs, increased mortality and the use of the antibiotic loses it’s worth
How to destroy microbes
Heat of water or moisture as it coagulates their proteins. It will kill bacterial pathogens, almost all viruses and fungi and their spores
How the environment can affect microbes
Climate change can adversely affect the productivity of marine microbes- threatening the stability of the food chain (that also supplies food for us).
Warmth, moisture, PH and oxygen levels can influence microbial growth
How microbes are involved with climate change
As bacteria adapt to hotter temperatures they speed up their respiration rate and release more carbon- potentially accelerating climate change.
