Digestion

Question 1

how many incisors do children have? (X4)

Answer 1

2

Question 2

how many incisors do adults have? (X4)

Answer 2

2

Question 3

how many cuspids do children have? (X4)

Answer 3

1

Question 4

how many cuspids do adults have? (X4)

Answer 4

1

Question 5

how many bicuspids do children have? (X4)

Answer 5

0

Question 6

how many bicuspids do adults have? (X4)

Answer 6

2

Question 7

how molars do children have? (X4)

Answer 7

2

Question 8

how molars do adults have? (X4)

Answer 8

3

Question 9

how many teeth do children have total?

Answer 9

20

Question 10

how many teeth do adults have total?

Answer 10

32

Question 11

why do our teeth/jaws not fit our mouths?

Answer 11

1. jaw typically too small for 3rd molars (wisdom teeth)
2. decrease in jaw size throughout recent human evolution
3. as the brain got bigger, humans developed new technologies/ approaches to food

Question 12

human evolutions of food?

Answer 12

1.cutting/utensils
2.control of fire
3.agriculture
4.pottery
(large powerful jaw was no longer selected for- shrunk)

Question 13

what are the common monosaccharides?

Answer 13

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 14

what are the common disaccharides?

Answer 14

maltose, sucrose, lactose

Question 15

what are the common polysaccharides?

Answer 15

cellulose, strach, glycogen

Question 16

what is hydrolysis?

Answer 16

Polysaccharide-disaccharide-monosaccharide

Question 17

what is dehydration synthesis?

Answer 17

Monosaccharide-disaccharide-polysaccharide

Question 18

what are examples of lipids?

Answer 18

fets and steroids

Question 19

what are the building blocks of sugars (carbs)?

Answer 19

C6H12O6

Question 20

what are the building blocks of lipids?

Answer 20

glycerol, and fatty acids

Question 21

what are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 21

amino acids (DNA codes fro proteins)

Question 22

what makes up nucleic acids?

Answer 22

phosphate, sugar, base

Question 23

what varies a nucleotide?

Answer 23

the base used (A,T,G,C)

Question 24

what makes up an amino acid?

Answer 24

1. amine group NH2
2. central carbon
3. carboxylic acid CO2H
4. the side group (determines what amino acid it is)

Question 25

what connects amino acids?

Answer 25

peptide bonds

Question 26

what are the stomach secretions?

Answer 26

-Mucous cells-mucous -Parietal cells-HCL (pH~2), intrinsic factor, vitamin B-12 -Chief cells-pepsinogen, gastric lipase

Question 27

what are the digestive enzymes?

Answer 27

Pancreatic amylase pancreatic lipase trypsin nucleases

Question 28

what does the enzyme pancreatic amylase do/

Answer 28

splits glycogen into disaccharides

Question 29

what does the enzyme pancreatic lipase do?

Answer 29

breaks down triglycerides

Question 30

what does the enzyme trypsin do?

Answer 30

digests proteins

Question 31

what does the enzyme nucleases do?

Answer 31

digests nucleic acids

Question 32

what are the functions of the small intestine?

Answer 32

-receive secretions from the liver/pancreas -complete digestion of nutrients in chyme -enzyme secretions -absorbs products of digestion (water+lard) -transfer leftovers to large intestine

Question 33

what are the layers through digestion from mouth to anus?

Answer 33

1.mucosa 2.submucosa 3.muscular layer (longitudinal or circular) 4.serosa (membrane)

Question 34

what are the small intestine secretions?

Answer 34

-mucous -sucrose, maltose, lactose (breaks bonds of disaccharides) -peptidase (proteins) -lipase (fats)

Question 35

how are carbs digested?

Answer 35

-amylase (enzymes from intestines/pancreas) -absorbed by villi into blood (facilitated diffusion or active transport)

Question 36

how is protein digested?

Answer 36

-starts in the stomach (pepsin) -completed in small intestine -broken down into amino acids -absorbed by villi into blood (active transport)

Question 37

how is fat digested?

Answer 37

-lipases (stomach, pancreas, intestine) -bile to expose molecules (emulsify) -absorbed by villi and transported to lacteal (lymph)

Question 38

what are the functions of the liver

Answer 38

-conversion -storage -synthesis -secreations

Question 39

what is liver conversion?

Answer 39

glucose-glycogen non-carbs-glucose one AA-another

Question 40

what does the liver store?

Answer 40

glycogen, iron, vitamins

Question 41

what does the liver synthesize?

Answer 41

bile, proteins (albumin, clotting factors), lipids

Question 42

what are the functions of the large intestine?

Answer 42

-absorbs water+electrolytes (ions via active transport, water follows) -secretes mucous -houses intestinal flora