Digestion Flashcards
1
Q
Volitle Fatty Acid (VFA)
A
Absorbed from rumen wall
2
Q
What is digestion?
A
- the breaking down process of food to allow absorption
- mechanical, chemical, microbial
- stomach hydrochloric acid
3
Q
Monogastric
A
- one stomach
- humans & swine
4
Q
Modified Mono-gastric
A
- single stomach but specialized components that aid in digestion
- horses & birds
5
Q
Ruminants
A
- more than one stomach compartment
- sheep, cattle, goats, llamas
6
Q
What is important to ruminants?
A
Nitrogen
7
Q
Monogastric tract
A
8
Q
Ruminant Tract
A
9
Q
What is ph/acidity of rumen?
A
6.8
10
Q
How many days does it take for a fully functioning rumen?
A
60 days
11
Q
Cecum
A
Fatty acids
12
Q
Colic
A
Small intestine is twisted
13
Q
Founder?
A
Hoof wall rotates due to ph
14
Q
What is the passage rate of a Monogastric (hours)
A
- 8-12 hours
15
Q
Ruminants
A
- 96-120 hours
- occurs 6-8 hours a day
16
Q
What does the mouth do?
A
- secretes from salivary glands
- water, mucin, bio carbonate salts
17
Q
Water
A
- moistens the feed and aids in taste
18
Q
Mucin
A
- lubrication aid for swallowing
19
Q
Bicarbonate Salts
A
- act as a buffer to regulate stomach ph
20
Q
What are the mouth differences
A
- swine (secretion of salivary amylase
- ruminants (no enzymes are secreted. provides source of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium)
- cows need grass
21
Q
Deamination Reaction
A
- cut bond
22
Q
Esophagus
A
- ingested material moves via muscular contractions known as peristaltic waves
23
Q
Acidosis
A
- ph drops from 6.8 to 4.8, kills/damages lining escapes
24
Q
Esophagus differences
A
- horse (only one way peristaltic waves
- ruminants, two way movements that allow for regurgitation of bolus for chewing of cud (esophageal groove)
25
Renin
* starts digestion
26
Compartments of Ruminant Stomach
Reticulum 5%
Rumen 80%
Omasum 7-8%
Abomasum 8-9 %
27
Where is nitrogen collected in urea?
Urea
28
Reticulum
* honeycomb
* not completely separated from rumen
* walls are lined with mucus membrane containing many intersecting ridges which subdivide the surface
29
Rumen
* large muscular compartment which extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis and nearly fills the left side of the abdominal cavity in the large dairy cow
* fermentation
* walls of rumen lined with papillae secrete no enzymes
30
Rumen Functions
* storage
* soaking
* physical mixing and breakdown
* bacterial synthesis of water soluble vitamins
31
Rumen & Microbes
Rumen provides bacteria
* warm, moist, dark anaerobic conditions
* ph is 6.8
* substrate
32
Bacteria Provides
* VFA, microbial cp, vitamin K, Vitamins B, combine nitrogen from dietary protein or non protein N source with carbon skeleton
33
VFA’S
* propionate (energy glucose, higher in grain fed animals)
* acetate (high in grazing)
* butyrate ( no change)
* not utilized effectively in swine and horses because of location of synthesis
